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Experimental and evaluation methods for miscibility of short chain olefin refrigerants with lubricating oil.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Experimental and evaluation methods for miscibility of short chain olefin refrigerants with lubricating oil.
Authors:	Zhao, Yanfeng¹ (AUTHOR), Yang, Zhao¹ (AUTHOR) zhaoyang@tju.edu.cn, Hou, Zhaoning¹ (AUTHOR), Zhang, Shuping¹ (AUTHOR), Zhang, Bujian¹ (AUTHOR), Gao, Lei¹ (AUTHOR), Pan, Yao¹ (AUTHOR)
Source:	International Journal of Refrigeration. Nov2025, Vol. 179, p368-377. 10p.
Subjects:	Miscibility, Lubricating oils, Phase transitions, Transition temperature, Refrigerants, Evaluation methodology, Thermal properties
Abstract:	• Real-time multi-camera visualization miscibility test system. • Miscibility of multiple olefinic refrigerants and lubricant. • A novel method for determining the miscibility of olefinic refrigerants and lubricant. New generation environmentally friendly short-chain olefin refrigerants have become a focal point in refrigeration and energy sector research due to their superior thermal properties. Comprehensive studies on the miscibility of these refrigerants with lubricating oils are still lacking. A real-time multi-camera visualization system was designed and constructed for miscibility testing. The evaluation method, based on elemental contributions, molecular polarity, dispersive forces, olefin molecular configurations, and lubricating oil viscosity, was developed. Findings revealed that R1150 and R1270 are fully miscible with PVE32. R1234yf showed immiscibility with mineral oils and was miscible below the Critical Miscibility Temperature (CMT) when mixed with PVE68. At an oil concentration of 15%, the CMT peaked at -43.5 °C. R1233zd(E) was found to be fully miscible with non-mineral oils, exhibiting parabolic-like CMT curves with 3GS/4GS, peaking at -23.5 °C and -21 °C respectively at an oil concentration of 15%. Based on dynamic observations of phase transitions, the R1233zd(E)/3GS and R1234yf/PVE68 were defined as having five stages. The durations of these stages and the corresponding microscopic morphological changes were quantified. The novel evaluation method effectively determines the miscibility between olefin refrigerants and lubricating oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Engineering Source

Description
Abstract:	• Real-time multi-camera visualization miscibility test system. • Miscibility of multiple olefinic refrigerants and lubricant. • A novel method for determining the miscibility of olefinic refrigerants and lubricant. New generation environmentally friendly short-chain olefin refrigerants have become a focal point in refrigeration and energy sector research due to their superior thermal properties. Comprehensive studies on the miscibility of these refrigerants with lubricating oils are still lacking. A real-time multi-camera visualization system was designed and constructed for miscibility testing. The evaluation method, based on elemental contributions, molecular polarity, dispersive forces, olefin molecular configurations, and lubricating oil viscosity, was developed. Findings revealed that R1150 and R1270 are fully miscible with PVE32. R1234yf showed immiscibility with mineral oils and was miscible below the Critical Miscibility Temperature (CMT) when mixed with PVE68. At an oil concentration of 15%, the CMT peaked at -43.5 °C. R1233zd(E) was found to be fully miscible with non-mineral oils, exhibiting parabolic-like CMT curves with 3GS/4GS, peaking at -23.5 °C and -21 °C respectively at an oil concentration of 15%. Based on dynamic observations of phase transitions, the R1233zd(E)/3GS and R1234yf/PVE68 were defined as having five stages. The durations of these stages and the corresponding microscopic morphological changes were quantified. The novel evaluation method effectively determines the miscibility between olefin refrigerants and lubricating oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	01407007
DOI:	10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.07.031