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Assessment of the feasibility of hydrogen storage in salt caverns: Implications for purity and contamination pathways for fuel cell mobility.

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Title: Assessment of the feasibility of hydrogen storage in salt caverns: Implications for purity and contamination pathways for fuel cell mobility.
Authors: Janßen, Holger1,2 (AUTHOR) holger.janssen@dlr.de, Satola, Barbara1 (AUTHOR), Kroener, Michael1 (AUTHOR), Dyck, Alexander1 (AUTHOR), Vehse, Martin1 (AUTHOR), Wark, Michael2 (AUTHOR), Agert, Carsten1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Sep2025, Vol. 170, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Hydrogen storage, Fuel cell vehicles, Clean energy, Geological formations, Hydrogen economy, Product quality, Industrial contamination
Geographic Terms: Germany
Abstract: Salt caverns are increasingly considered for large-scale hydrogen storage to support Germany's energy transition and decarbonization goals. This study investigates the feasibility of hydrogen storage in a small salt cavern in Rüdersdorf, Germany, focusing on hydrogen purity after underground storage. Using controlled injection and withdrawal experiments, hydrogen samples were analyzed for contaminants according to EN 17124:2022. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen purity remained high (>99.95 %) after storage, however, nitrogen (up to 450.07 μmol/mol), water (up to 67.95 μmol/mol), and halogenated compounds (up to 0.159 μmol/mol) exceeded the standard's thresholds. Nitrogen contamination is linked to the initial use of a nitrogen blanket during cavern construction and diminished after subsequent injections. Persistent water and halogenated compound concentrations indicate the need for limited purification steps to meet fuel cell mobility requirements. This study provides crucial empirical data on contaminant behavior in salt cavern hydrogen storage, advancing understanding for future large-sale applications. • Salt cavern H 2 storage for fuel cell mobility is feasible with minor purification. • Overall purity of H 2 was above 99.950 % after cavern storage. • Using a N 2 blanket for brining does not cause permanent contamination of stored H 2. • Constant contamination of H 2 with moisture highlights need for drying steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 187968571
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Assessment of the feasibility of hydrogen storage in salt caverns: Implications for purity and contamination pathways for fuel cell mobility.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Janßen%2C+Holger%22">Janßen, Holger</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> holger.janssen@dlr.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Satola%2C+Barbara%22">Satola, Barbara</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kroener%2C+Michael%22">Kroener, Michael</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dyck%2C+Alexander%22">Dyck, Alexander</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vehse%2C+Martin%22">Vehse, Martin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wark%2C+Michael%22">Wark, Michael</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Agert%2C+Carsten%22">Agert, Carsten</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy%22">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 170, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+storage%22">Hydrogen storage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fuel+cell+vehicles%22">Fuel cell vehicles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geological+formations%22">Geological formations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+economy%22">Hydrogen economy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Product+quality%22">Product quality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+contamination%22">Industrial contamination</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Germany%22">Germany</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Salt caverns are increasingly considered for large-scale hydrogen storage to support Germany's energy transition and decarbonization goals. This study investigates the feasibility of hydrogen storage in a small salt cavern in Rüdersdorf, Germany, focusing on hydrogen purity after underground storage. Using controlled injection and withdrawal experiments, hydrogen samples were analyzed for contaminants according to EN 17124:2022. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen purity remained high (>99.95 %) after storage, however, nitrogen (up to 450.07 μmol/mol), water (up to 67.95 μmol/mol), and halogenated compounds (up to 0.159 μmol/mol) exceeded the standard's thresholds. Nitrogen contamination is linked to the initial use of a nitrogen blanket during cavern construction and diminished after subsequent injections. Persistent water and halogenated compound concentrations indicate the need for limited purification steps to meet fuel cell mobility requirements. This study provides crucial empirical data on contaminant behavior in salt cavern hydrogen storage, advancing understanding for future large-sale applications. • Salt cavern H 2 storage for fuel cell mobility is feasible with minor purification. • Overall purity of H 2 was above 99.950 % after cavern storage. • Using a N 2 blanket for brining does not cause permanent contamination of stored H 2. • Constant contamination of H 2 with moisture highlights need for drying steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151236
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen storage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fuel cell vehicles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geological formations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen economy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Product quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrial contamination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Germany
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Assessment of the feasibility of hydrogen storage in salt caverns: Implications for purity and contamination pathways for fuel cell mobility.
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            NameFull: Satola, Barbara
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            – D: 22
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 170
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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