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Mitigating Integrity Risk in SBAS Positioning Using Enhanced IGG III Robust Estimation.

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Title: Mitigating Integrity Risk in SBAS Positioning Using Enhanced IGG III Robust Estimation.
Authors: Wang, Le1,2,3 (AUTHOR), She, Jinbo1,2 (AUTHOR) 2023226009@chd.edu.cn, Cui, Bobin1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Ziwei1,4 (AUTHOR), Yang, Weicong1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yimin1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Remote Sensing. Sep2025, Vol. 17 Issue 17, p3067. 28p.
Subjects: Robust statistics, Systems availability, Global Positioning System, Wireless geolocation systems, Safety, Drone aircraft
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? The improved IGG III robust estimation algorithm significantly enhances the user-end positioning performance of SBAS. In various scenarios, it greatly improves the positioning accuracy in both the horizontal and vertical directions, reduces the integrity risk, and enhances the availability. This method effectively suppresses the influence of outliers in the observed data, avoids overly conservative protection level (PL) estimation, and obtains more reasonable and reliable protection level values without affecting real-time performance. What is the implication of the main finding? This research offers a powerful and computationally efficient solution that can enhance the service reliability of SBAS in challenging environments such as urban dynamics and UAV maneuvering flight, making it highly suitable for safety-critical applications in aviation and intelligent transportation. This algorithm has strong adaptability and stability in multiple practical scenarios, providing an important reference for the performance optimization and integrity guarantee of future SBAS user-end under poor data quality conditions. To address the limitations in positioning accuracy and the risk of integrity degradation in Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) user-end after applying augmentation information, this study proposes a positioning algorithm integrating an improved IGG III robust estimation method. By using integrity information from SBAS, this method improves protection level calculations and better adjusts observed weights by adding new factors to the weight function model. This improvement allows for better discrimination between reliable and anomalous measurements, thereby enhancing positioning accuracy, reducing integrity risks, and improving availability. Experimental results show that, compared to conventional SBAS user positioning, the proposed method achieves notable performance improvements across various scenarios. In static environments, it reduces horizontal integrity risk by up to 6.7%, increases availability by up to 6.6%, and improves positioning accuracy by up to 71.3%. In urban vehicular environments, horizontal integrity risk is reduced by 0.5%, availability is increased by 0.5%, and accuracy improves by up to 58.7%. In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle flight scenarios, horizontal integrity risk is reduced by 2.8%, availability increases by 2.8%, and accuracy improves by up to 50.38%. In all scenarios, vertical integrity risk is completely eliminated and availability improves slightly. Additionally, compared to the conventional IGG III estimator, the improved method offers more effective control over weight adjustment during solution estimation, thereby avoiding excessive down-weighting and mitigating overbounding of protection levels. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method to improve the performance and reliability of SBAS user-end under both static and dynamic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Mitigating Integrity Risk in SBAS Positioning Using Enhanced IGG III Robust Estimation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 17 Issue 17, p3067. 28p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Robust+statistics%22">Robust statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systems+availability%22">Systems availability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Positioning+System%22">Global Positioning System</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wireless+geolocation+systems%22">Wireless geolocation systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Safety%22">Safety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drone+aircraft%22">Drone aircraft</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? The improved IGG III robust estimation algorithm significantly enhances the user-end positioning performance of SBAS. In various scenarios, it greatly improves the positioning accuracy in both the horizontal and vertical directions, reduces the integrity risk, and enhances the availability. This method effectively suppresses the influence of outliers in the observed data, avoids overly conservative protection level (PL) estimation, and obtains more reasonable and reliable protection level values without affecting real-time performance. What is the implication of the main finding? This research offers a powerful and computationally efficient solution that can enhance the service reliability of SBAS in challenging environments such as urban dynamics and UAV maneuvering flight, making it highly suitable for safety-critical applications in aviation and intelligent transportation. This algorithm has strong adaptability and stability in multiple practical scenarios, providing an important reference for the performance optimization and integrity guarantee of future SBAS user-end under poor data quality conditions. To address the limitations in positioning accuracy and the risk of integrity degradation in Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) user-end after applying augmentation information, this study proposes a positioning algorithm integrating an improved IGG III robust estimation method. By using integrity information from SBAS, this method improves protection level calculations and better adjusts observed weights by adding new factors to the weight function model. This improvement allows for better discrimination between reliable and anomalous measurements, thereby enhancing positioning accuracy, reducing integrity risks, and improving availability. Experimental results show that, compared to conventional SBAS user positioning, the proposed method achieves notable performance improvements across various scenarios. In static environments, it reduces horizontal integrity risk by up to 6.7%, increases availability by up to 6.6%, and improves positioning accuracy by up to 71.3%. In urban vehicular environments, horizontal integrity risk is reduced by 0.5%, availability is increased by 0.5%, and accuracy improves by up to 58.7%. In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle flight scenarios, horizontal integrity risk is reduced by 2.8%, availability increases by 2.8%, and accuracy improves by up to 50.38%. In all scenarios, vertical integrity risk is completely eliminated and availability improves slightly. Additionally, compared to the conventional IGG III estimator, the improved method offers more effective control over weight adjustment during solution estimation, thereby avoiding excessive down-weighting and mitigating overbounding of protection levels. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method to improve the performance and reliability of SBAS user-end under both static and dynamic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs17173067
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 28
        StartPage: 3067
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Robust statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Systems availability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Global Positioning System
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wireless geolocation systems
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      – SubjectFull: Safety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drone aircraft
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      – TitleFull: Mitigating Integrity Risk in SBAS Positioning Using Enhanced IGG III Robust Estimation.
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            NameFull: Wang, Le
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
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              Y: 2025
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