Ionospheric Disturbances from the 2022 Hunga-Tonga Volcanic Eruption: Impacts on TEC Spatial Gradients and GNSS Positioning Accuracy Across the Japan Region.
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| Title: | Ionospheric Disturbances from the 2022 Hunga-Tonga Volcanic Eruption: Impacts on TEC Spatial Gradients and GNSS Positioning Accuracy Across the Japan Region. |
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| Authors: | Fu, Zhihao1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Shen, Xuhui2 (AUTHOR) shenxuhui@nssc.ac.cn, Liu, Qinqin2,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Ningbo1,3 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. Sep2025, Vol. 17 Issue 17, p3108. 19p. |
| Subjects: | Ionospheric disturbances, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption & Tsunami, 2022, Ionospheric electron density, Atmospheric waves, Ionospheric plasma, Global Positioning System, Geographical positions |
| Geographic Terms: | Honshū (Japan) |
| Abstract: | The Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022, produced significant atmospheric and ionospheric disturbances that may degrade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and precise point positioning (PPP) accuracy. Using data from the GEONET GNSS network and Soratena barometric pressure sensors across Japan, we analyzed the eruption's effects through the gradient ionospheric index (GIX) and the rate of TEC index (ROTI) to characterize the propagation and effects of these disturbances on ionospheric total electron content (TEC) gradients. Our analysis identified two separate ionospheric disturbance events. The first event, coinciding with the arrival of atmospheric Lamb waves, was characterized by wave-like pressure anomalies, differential TEC (dTEC) fluctuations, and modest horizontal gradients of vertical TEC (VTEC). In contrast, the second, more pronounced disturbance was driven by equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs), which generated severe ionospheric irregularities and large TEC gradients. Further analysis revealed that these two disturbances had markedly different impacts on GNSS positioning accuracy. The Lamb wave–induced disturbance mainly caused moderate TEC fluctuations with limited effects on positioning accuracy, and mid-latitude stations maintained both average and 95th percentile positioning ( p p p , P 95 ) errors below 0.1 m throughout the event. In contrast, the EPB-driven disturbance had a substantial impact on low-latitude regions, where the average horizontal PPP error peaked at 0.5 m and the horizontal and vertical p p p , P 95 errors exceeded 1 m. Our findings reveal two episodes of spatial-gradient enhancement and successfully estimate the propagation speed and direction of the Lamb waves, supporting the potential application of ionospheric gradient monitoring in forecasting GNSS performance degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 187981828 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Ionospheric Disturbances from the 2022 Hunga-Tonga Volcanic Eruption: Impacts on TEC Spatial Gradients and GNSS Positioning Accuracy Across the Japan Region. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fu%2C+Zhihao%22">Fu, Zhihao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shen%2C+Xuhui%22">Shen, Xuhui</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shenxuhui@nssc.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Qinqin%22">Liu, Qinqin</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Ningbo%22">Wang, Ningbo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 17 Issue 17, p3108. 19p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionospheric+disturbances%22">Ionospheric disturbances</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hunga+Tonga-Hunga+Ha'apai+Eruption+%26+Tsunami%2C+2022%22">Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption & Tsunami, 2022</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionospheric+electron+density%22">Ionospheric electron density</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+waves%22">Atmospheric waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionospheric+plasma%22">Ionospheric plasma</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Positioning+System%22">Global Positioning System</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geographical+positions%22">Geographical positions</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Honshū+%28Japan%29%22">Honshū (Japan)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022, produced significant atmospheric and ionospheric disturbances that may degrade global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and precise point positioning (PPP) accuracy. Using data from the GEONET GNSS network and Soratena barometric pressure sensors across Japan, we analyzed the eruption's effects through the gradient ionospheric index (GIX) and the rate of TEC index (ROTI) to characterize the propagation and effects of these disturbances on ionospheric total electron content (TEC) gradients. Our analysis identified two separate ionospheric disturbance events. The first event, coinciding with the arrival of atmospheric Lamb waves, was characterized by wave-like pressure anomalies, differential TEC (dTEC) fluctuations, and modest horizontal gradients of vertical TEC (VTEC). In contrast, the second, more pronounced disturbance was driven by equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs), which generated severe ionospheric irregularities and large TEC gradients. Further analysis revealed that these two disturbances had markedly different impacts on GNSS positioning accuracy. The Lamb wave–induced disturbance mainly caused moderate TEC fluctuations with limited effects on positioning accuracy, and mid-latitude stations maintained both average and 95th percentile positioning ( p p p , P 95 ) errors below 0.1 m throughout the event. In contrast, the EPB-driven disturbance had a substantial impact on low-latitude regions, where the average horizontal PPP error peaked at 0.5 m and the horizontal and vertical p p p , P 95 errors exceeded 1 m. Our findings reveal two episodes of spatial-gradient enhancement and successfully estimate the propagation speed and direction of the Lamb waves, supporting the potential application of ionospheric gradient monitoring in forecasting GNSS performance degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/rs17173108 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 19 StartPage: 3108 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Ionospheric disturbances Type: general – SubjectFull: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption & Tsunami, 2022 Type: general – SubjectFull: Ionospheric electron density Type: general – SubjectFull: Atmospheric waves Type: general – SubjectFull: Ionospheric plasma Type: general – SubjectFull: Global Positioning System Type: general – SubjectFull: Geographical positions Type: general – SubjectFull: Honshū (Japan) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Ionospheric Disturbances from the 2022 Hunga-Tonga Volcanic Eruption: Impacts on TEC Spatial Gradients and GNSS Positioning Accuracy Across the Japan Region. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fu, Zhihao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Shen, Xuhui – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liu, Qinqin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, Ningbo IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: Sep2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20724292 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 17 – Type: issue Value: 17 Titles: – TitleFull: Remote Sensing Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
