Assessing wind and solar energy complementarity using novel metrics based on residual load profiles.

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Title: Assessing wind and solar energy complementarity using novel metrics based on residual load profiles.
Authors: Al-Rasheedi, Majed1 (AUTHOR) mrashedi@kisr.edu.kw, Al-Khayat, Mohammad1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energy. Oct2025, Vol. 335, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Renewable energy sources, Solar energy, Peak load, Solar wind, Renewable energy transition (Government policy)
Abstract: The effective implementation of the energy complementarity concept for variable renewable energy (VRE) will assist in the transition and planning to sustainable energy systems. Most published studies evaluate energy complementarity using statistical techniques rather than considering its influence on national or regional load components. This work offers an approach to evaluate the complementarity of wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems using metrics based on residual load (RL) and other fundamental system factors. Among the parameters are VRE ramping power, ramping cycles, full load hours of conventional systems, capacity credit, peak load, and baseload. To validate the approach a case study about Kuwait's load profile used. Results indicate that relying on one technological integration in planning is inadequate to manage RL components and strains the power system. Increasing overproduction generation results from growing capacity of solar PV systems. Higher spatial spread greatly lowers the extreme ramping power for solar PV and wind power systems. As spatial complementarity grew, both systems showed a significant drop in ramping rate. Optimal technology mix for the spatiotemporal complementing approach, 25–50 % solar PV and 75 to 25 % wind energy. The case study demonstrates the approach can support legislators implement plans for incorporating VRE. [Display omitted] • System-level VRE development must account for complementarity concept. • Spatiotemporal complementarity has great outcomes on the overall capacity credit. • High penetration renewable energy lowers the baseload and raises the peak load. • Spatial distribution of renewable energy source mitigates the variability of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Assessing wind and solar energy complementarity using novel metrics based on residual load profiles.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Al-Rasheedi%2C+Majed%22">Al-Rasheedi, Majed</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mrashedi@kisr.edu.kw</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Al-Khayat%2C+Mohammad%22">Al-Khayat, Mohammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energy%22">Energy</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 335, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources%22">Renewable energy sources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+energy%22">Solar energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peak+load%22">Peak load</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+wind%22">Solar wind</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+transition+%28Government+policy%29%22">Renewable energy transition (Government policy)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The effective implementation of the energy complementarity concept for variable renewable energy (VRE) will assist in the transition and planning to sustainable energy systems. Most published studies evaluate energy complementarity using statistical techniques rather than considering its influence on national or regional load components. This work offers an approach to evaluate the complementarity of wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems using metrics based on residual load (RL) and other fundamental system factors. Among the parameters are VRE ramping power, ramping cycles, full load hours of conventional systems, capacity credit, peak load, and baseload. To validate the approach a case study about Kuwait's load profile used. Results indicate that relying on one technological integration in planning is inadequate to manage RL components and strains the power system. Increasing overproduction generation results from growing capacity of solar PV systems. Higher spatial spread greatly lowers the extreme ramping power for solar PV and wind power systems. As spatial complementarity grew, both systems showed a significant drop in ramping rate. Optimal technology mix for the spatiotemporal complementing approach, 25–50 % solar PV and 75 to 25 % wind energy. The case study demonstrates the approach can support legislators implement plans for incorporating VRE. [Display omitted] • System-level VRE development must account for complementarity concept. • Spatiotemporal complementarity has great outcomes on the overall capacity credit. • High penetration renewable energy lowers the baseload and raises the peak load. • Spatial distribution of renewable energy source mitigates the variability of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138107
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
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      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Peak load
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar wind
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Renewable energy transition (Government policy)
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      – TitleFull: Assessing wind and solar energy complementarity using novel metrics based on residual load profiles.
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            NameFull: Al-Rasheedi, Majed
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            NameFull: Al-Khayat, Mohammad
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              Text: Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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