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Investigation of thermal conductivity of binary composite nanofluids using CuO, MgO, TiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticles.

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Title: Investigation of thermal conductivity of binary composite nanofluids using CuO, MgO, TiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticles.
Authors: Sathish Kumar, J.1 (AUTHOR), Senthilkumar, G.1 (AUTHOR) tosenthilgs79@gmail.com
Source: Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry. Sep2025, Vol. 150 Issue 18, p14603-14614. 12p.
Subjects: Thermal conductivity, Nanofluids, Magnesium oxide, Heat transfer fluids, Carbon nanotubes, Copper oxide, Titanium dioxide
Abstract: The present research focus is to examine the thermal conductivity (TC) enhancement of water–ethylene glycol base heat transfer fluid through the inclusion of copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), magnesium oxide (MgO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanoparticles (NP), forming four kinds of hybrid nanofluids for experimentation. In addition, six dihybrid nanofluids were generated for TC experimentation. They were water–ethylene glycol with CuO and TiO2, water–ethylene glycol with CuO and MgO, water–ethylene glycol with CuO and MWCNT, water–ethylene glycol with TiO2 and MgO, water–ethylene glycol with TiO2 and MWCNT, and water–ethylene glycol with MgO and MWCNT. All the nanofluids were prepared by two-step chemical method. The NP concentration was 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2% in water–ethylene glycol for all the above-mentioned nanofluids. The TC (TC) measurements were taken at temperatures 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 ºC with the aid of KD2 pro TC analyzer (accuracy ± 0.005 w m−1 °C). In case of hybrid nanofluids, the MgO with water–ethylene glycol resulted better thermal performance at the chosen temperatures due to the tetrahedron lattice structure of MgO nanoparticles followed by TiO2 with water–ethylene glycol. The average TC enhancement was 18.2% and 13.8% for MgO with water–ethylene glycol and TiO2 with water–ethylene glycol, respectively. The agglomeration of CuO and large l/d of MWCNT resulted in poor TC of nanofluids. The inclusion of CuO and TiO2 in water–ethylene glycol recorded 10.2% rise in TC as an average. The average TC increase was 4.8% only with CuO and MWCNT in water–ethylene glycol. The respective TC increase with CuO and MgO, MgO and MWCNT, and TiO2 and MWCNT in water–ethylene glycol is 6.4%, 7.1% and 7.8%. Overall, the TiO2 and MgO nanoparticles attributed better TC rise of 19.4% average at selected temperature and concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Investigation of thermal conductivity of binary composite nanofluids using CuO, MgO, TiO<subscript>2</subscript> and MWCNT nanoparticles.
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  Data: The present research focus is to examine the thermal conductivity (TC) enhancement of water–ethylene glycol base heat transfer fluid through the inclusion of copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), magnesium oxide (MgO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanoparticles (NP), forming four kinds of hybrid nanofluids for experimentation. In addition, six dihybrid nanofluids were generated for TC experimentation. They were water–ethylene glycol with CuO and TiO2, water–ethylene glycol with CuO and MgO, water–ethylene glycol with CuO and MWCNT, water–ethylene glycol with TiO2 and MgO, water–ethylene glycol with TiO2 and MWCNT, and water–ethylene glycol with MgO and MWCNT. All the nanofluids were prepared by two-step chemical method. The NP concentration was 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2% in water–ethylene glycol for all the above-mentioned nanofluids. The TC (TC) measurements were taken at temperatures 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 ºC with the aid of KD2 pro TC analyzer (accuracy ± 0.005 w m−1 °C). In case of hybrid nanofluids, the MgO with water–ethylene glycol resulted better thermal performance at the chosen temperatures due to the tetrahedron lattice structure of MgO nanoparticles followed by TiO2 with water–ethylene glycol. The average TC enhancement was 18.2% and 13.8% for MgO with water–ethylene glycol and TiO2 with water–ethylene glycol, respectively. The agglomeration of CuO and large l/d of MWCNT resulted in poor TC of nanofluids. The inclusion of CuO and TiO2 in water–ethylene glycol recorded 10.2% rise in TC as an average. The average TC increase was 4.8% only with CuO and MWCNT in water–ethylene glycol. The respective TC increase with CuO and MgO, MgO and MWCNT, and TiO2 and MWCNT in water–ethylene glycol is 6.4%, 7.1% and 7.8%. Overall, the TiO2 and MgO nanoparticles attributed better TC rise of 19.4% average at selected temperature and concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10973-025-14611-z
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 14603
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Thermal conductivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanofluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnesium oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat transfer fluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon nanotubes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Copper oxide
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      – SubjectFull: Titanium dioxide
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Investigation of thermal conductivity of binary composite nanofluids using CuO, MgO, TiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticles.
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
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