Elemental Composition of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wildland–Urban Interface Fire Ashes Revealed by Single Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometer.
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| Title: | Elemental Composition of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wildland–Urban Interface Fire Ashes Revealed by Single Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometer. |
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| Authors: | Alam, Mahbub1 (AUTHOR), Downey, Austin R. J.2,3 (AUTHOR), Cai, Bo3,4 (AUTHOR), Baalousha, Mohammed1,4 (AUTHOR) mbaalous@mailbox.sc.edu |
| Source: | Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Sep2025, Vol. 15 Issue 18, p1420. 18p. |
| Subjects: | Magnetic nanoparticles, Wildland-urban interface, Ash (Combustion product), Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, California wildfires, Heavy metals, Elemental analysis |
| Geographic Terms: | California |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the elemental composition of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in eleven wildland–urban interface (WUI) fire ashes, including one vegetation, six structural, and four vehicle ashes, along with three fire-impacted soil samples. The WUI fire ash samples were collected following the 2020 North Complex (NC) Fire and Sonoma–Lake–Napa unit (LNU) Lightning Complex Fire in California. Efficiency of magnetic separation was confirmed via Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR); the relaxometry showed that the transverse relaxation rate R2 decreased from 2.02 s−1 before separation to 0.29 s−1 after separation (ΔR2 = −1.73 s−1; −86%), due to the removal of magnetic particles. The particle number concentrations, size distributions, and elemental compositions (and ratios) of MNPs were determined using single particle-inductively coupled plasma–time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-TOF-MS). The major types of nanoparticles (NPs) detected in the magnetically separated MNPs were Fe-, Ti-, Cr-, Pb-, Mn-, and Zn-bearing NPs. The iron-bearing NPs accounted for 3.2 to 83.5% of the magnetically separated MNPs, and decreased following the order vegetation ash (77.4%) > soil (63.2–69.9%) > structural (3.2–83.5%) ash. The titanium-bearing NPs accounted for 3.3 to 66.1% of the magnetically separated MNPs, and decreased following the order vehicle (14.1–66.1%) > structural (3.5–36.4%) > vegetation (3.3%) ash. The majority of the detected NPs in the fire ashes occurred in the form of multi-metal (mm) NPs, attributed to the presence of NPs as heteroaggregates and/or due to the sorption of metals on the surfaces of NPs during combustion. However, a notable fraction (3–91%) of the detected NPs occurred as single-metal (sm) NPs, particularly smFe-bearing NPs, which accounted for 48 to 91% of all the Fe-bearing particles in the magnetically separated MNPs. The elemental ratios (e.g., Al/Fe, Ti/Fe, Cr/Fe, and Zn/Fe) in the magnetically separated MNPs from structural and vehicle ashes were higher than those in the soil samples and vegetation ashes, indicating enrichment of metals in magnetically separated NPs from vehicle and structural ashes compared to vegetation ash. Overall, this study demonstrates that the MNPs generated by WUI fire ash are associated with potentially toxic elements (e.g., Cr and Zn), exacerbating the environmental and human health risks of WUI fires. This study also highlights the need for further research into the properties, environmental fate, transport, and interactions of MNPs with biological systems during and following WUI fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 188323502 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Elemental Composition of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wildland–Urban Interface Fire Ashes Revealed by Single Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometer. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alam%2C+Mahbub%22">Alam, Mahbub</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Downey%2C+Austin+R%2E+J%2E%22">Downey, Austin R. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cai%2C+Bo%22">Cai, Bo</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baalousha%2C+Mohammed%22">Baalousha, Mohammed</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mbaalous@mailbox.sc.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 15 Issue 18, p1420. 18p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+nanoparticles%22">Magnetic nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wildland-urban+interface%22">Wildland-urban interface</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ash+%28Combustion+product%29%22">Ash (Combustion product)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inductively+coupled+plasma+mass+spectrometry%22">Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22California+wildfires%22">California wildfires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heavy+metals%22">Heavy metals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elemental+analysis%22">Elemental analysis</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22California%22">California</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study investigates the elemental composition of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in eleven wildland–urban interface (WUI) fire ashes, including one vegetation, six structural, and four vehicle ashes, along with three fire-impacted soil samples. The WUI fire ash samples were collected following the 2020 North Complex (NC) Fire and Sonoma–Lake–Napa unit (LNU) Lightning Complex Fire in California. Efficiency of magnetic separation was confirmed via Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR); the relaxometry showed that the transverse relaxation rate R2 decreased from 2.02 s−1 before separation to 0.29 s−1 after separation (ΔR2 = −1.73 s−1; −86%), due to the removal of magnetic particles. The particle number concentrations, size distributions, and elemental compositions (and ratios) of MNPs were determined using single particle-inductively coupled plasma–time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-TOF-MS). The major types of nanoparticles (NPs) detected in the magnetically separated MNPs were Fe-, Ti-, Cr-, Pb-, Mn-, and Zn-bearing NPs. The iron-bearing NPs accounted for 3.2 to 83.5% of the magnetically separated MNPs, and decreased following the order vegetation ash (77.4%) > soil (63.2–69.9%) > structural (3.2–83.5%) ash. The titanium-bearing NPs accounted for 3.3 to 66.1% of the magnetically separated MNPs, and decreased following the order vehicle (14.1–66.1%) > structural (3.5–36.4%) > vegetation (3.3%) ash. The majority of the detected NPs in the fire ashes occurred in the form of multi-metal (mm) NPs, attributed to the presence of NPs as heteroaggregates and/or due to the sorption of metals on the surfaces of NPs during combustion. However, a notable fraction (3–91%) of the detected NPs occurred as single-metal (sm) NPs, particularly smFe-bearing NPs, which accounted for 48 to 91% of all the Fe-bearing particles in the magnetically separated MNPs. The elemental ratios (e.g., Al/Fe, Ti/Fe, Cr/Fe, and Zn/Fe) in the magnetically separated MNPs from structural and vehicle ashes were higher than those in the soil samples and vegetation ashes, indicating enrichment of metals in magnetically separated NPs from vehicle and structural ashes compared to vegetation ash. Overall, this study demonstrates that the MNPs generated by WUI fire ash are associated with potentially toxic elements (e.g., Cr and Zn), exacerbating the environmental and human health risks of WUI fires. This study also highlights the need for further research into the properties, environmental fate, transport, and interactions of MNPs with biological systems during and following WUI fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/nano15181420 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 18 StartPage: 1420 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Magnetic nanoparticles Type: general – SubjectFull: Wildland-urban interface Type: general – SubjectFull: Ash (Combustion product) Type: general – SubjectFull: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Type: general – SubjectFull: California wildfires Type: general – SubjectFull: Heavy metals Type: general – SubjectFull: Elemental analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: California Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Elemental Composition of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wildland–Urban Interface Fire Ashes Revealed by Single Particle-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometer. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Alam, Mahbub – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Downey, Austin R. J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cai, Bo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Baalousha, Mohammed IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 09 Text: Sep2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20794991 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 15 – Type: issue Value: 18 Titles: – TitleFull: Nanomaterials (2079-4991) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
