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Circular RNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

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Title: Circular RNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Swingle, Kelsey L.1, Hamilton, Alex G.1, Han, Xuexiang1, Liao, Kuo-Chieh2, Safford, Hannah C.1, Thatte, Ajay S.1, Geisler, Hannah C.1, Xu, Junchao1, Saw, Tzuen Yih2, Wan, Yue2, Mitchell, Michael J.1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 mjmitch@seas.upenn.edu
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 9/23/2025, Vol. 122 Issue 38, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, Circular RNA, Antibody formation, Vaccines, Dendritic cells, Nanocarriers, Immune response
Abstract: With the advent and widespread use of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), RNA vaccines have emerged as an exciting class of vaccine offering low cost, rapid development, and high modularity and manufacturability. Protein-coding circular RNA (circRNA) is an emerging class of RNA cargo that offers increased stability compared to mRNA with potentially reduced immunogenicity, but delivery technologies for intracellular delivery of circRNA remain underexplored. Here, we develop an optimized lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform for circRNA delivery to immune cells, observing strong and durable transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. We employ a design-of-experiments (DoE) methodology to identify key formulation parameters for enhanced circRNA delivery and, upon intramuscular administration of our optimized circRNA LNPs to mice, observe substantial accumulation within draining lymph nodes and strong dendritic cell (DC) maturation at short time points. Applying this optimized circRNA LNP platform to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrate robust antibody production and enhanced immune responses in mice compared to vaccination with mRNA LNPs, including strong Th1-biased cellular responses and a 3.8-fold increase in antigen-specific reciprocal endpoint IgG titers. These results provide insights into design criteria for circRNA LNP formulations and support the use of circRNA LNPs for vaccination against infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Circular RNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Swingle%2C+Kelsey+L%2E%22">Swingle, Kelsey L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hamilton%2C+Alex+G%2E%22">Hamilton, Alex G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Han%2C+Xuexiang%22">Han, Xuexiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liao%2C+Kuo-Chieh%22">Liao, Kuo-Chieh</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Safford%2C+Hannah+C%2E%22">Safford, Hannah C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thatte%2C+Ajay+S%2E%22">Thatte, Ajay S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Geisler%2C+Hannah+C%2E%22">Geisler, Hannah C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Junchao%22">Xu, Junchao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saw%2C+Tzuen+Yih%22">Saw, Tzuen Yih</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wan%2C+Yue%22">Wan, Yue</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mitchell%2C+Michael+J%2E%22">Mitchell, Michael J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9</relatesTo><i> mjmitch@seas.upenn.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SARS-CoV-2%22">SARS-CoV-2</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Circular+RNA%22">Circular RNA</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antibody+formation%22">Antibody formation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vaccines%22">Vaccines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dendritic+cells%22">Dendritic cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanocarriers%22">Nanocarriers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immune+response%22">Immune response</searchLink>
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  Data: With the advent and widespread use of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), RNA vaccines have emerged as an exciting class of vaccine offering low cost, rapid development, and high modularity and manufacturability. Protein-coding circular RNA (circRNA) is an emerging class of RNA cargo that offers increased stability compared to mRNA with potentially reduced immunogenicity, but delivery technologies for intracellular delivery of circRNA remain underexplored. Here, we develop an optimized lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform for circRNA delivery to immune cells, observing strong and durable transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. We employ a design-of-experiments (DoE) methodology to identify key formulation parameters for enhanced circRNA delivery and, upon intramuscular administration of our optimized circRNA LNPs to mice, observe substantial accumulation within draining lymph nodes and strong dendritic cell (DC) maturation at short time points. Applying this optimized circRNA LNP platform to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, we demonstrate robust antibody production and enhanced immune responses in mice compared to vaccination with mRNA LNPs, including strong Th1-biased cellular responses and a 3.8-fold increase in antigen-specific reciprocal endpoint IgG titers. These results provide insights into design criteria for circRNA LNP formulations and support the use of circRNA LNPs for vaccination against infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.2505718122
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: SARS-CoV-2
        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Antibody formation
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      – SubjectFull: Vaccines
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      – SubjectFull: Dendritic cells
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      – SubjectFull: Nanocarriers
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      – SubjectFull: Immune response
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              Text: 9/23/2025
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