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Ground Tests on BOLT at Mach 7: Cross-Facility Comparison and Stability Analysis.

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Title: Ground Tests on BOLT at Mach 7: Cross-Facility Comparison and Stability Analysis.
Authors: Sombaert, Loïc1, Lugrin, Mathieu2, Bur, Reynald3, Nicolas, François2, Esquieu, Sébastien4, Butler, Cameron S.5, Wheaton, Bradley M.6, Fei Li7, Choudhari, Meelan7, Paredes, Pedro7, Willems, Sebastian8
Source: AIAA Journal. Jun2025, Vol. 63 Issue 6, p2135-2150. 16p.
Abstract: Transition measurements have been obtained through two experimental campaigns conducted independently by the German Aerospace Center and the French Aerospace Lab with the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission on subscale models of the BOLT-1 flight experiment geometry. This paper details a cross-facility comparison of measurements obtained at Mach 7, as well as subsequent computational analysis. Infrared thermography measurements obtained by both campaigns have facilitated a global comparison of the transition front across facilities at analogous conditions, which are found to be in good agreement. High-frequency surface pressure fluctuation data demonstrate significant amplification of instabilities with Mack-mode characteristics in the outboard regions of the acreage. These measurements are compared to stability analyses of varying fidelity. The computational methods employed to characterize the boundary-layer transition phenomena include the traditional line-marching implementation of the parabolized stability equations (PSEs), 2D eigenvalue analysis coupled with PSE. Although the 2D eigenvalue analysis is found to predict instabilities, which correlate in terms of frequency and acreage location to the experimental measurements, the predicted amplification for these instabilities is lower than would typically be expected for transition. Line-marching results for traveling crossflow produce the best match to the experimental transition front, with a consistent transition N factor of approximately 3-3.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:Transition measurements have been obtained through two experimental campaigns conducted independently by the German Aerospace Center and the French Aerospace Lab with the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission on subscale models of the BOLT-1 flight experiment geometry. This paper details a cross-facility comparison of measurements obtained at Mach 7, as well as subsequent computational analysis. Infrared thermography measurements obtained by both campaigns have facilitated a global comparison of the transition front across facilities at analogous conditions, which are found to be in good agreement. High-frequency surface pressure fluctuation data demonstrate significant amplification of instabilities with Mack-mode characteristics in the outboard regions of the acreage. These measurements are compared to stability analyses of varying fidelity. The computational methods employed to characterize the boundary-layer transition phenomena include the traditional line-marching implementation of the parabolized stability equations (PSEs), 2D eigenvalue analysis coupled with PSE. Although the 2D eigenvalue analysis is found to predict instabilities, which correlate in terms of frequency and acreage location to the experimental measurements, the predicted amplification for these instabilities is lower than would typically be expected for transition. Line-marching results for traveling crossflow produce the best match to the experimental transition front, with a consistent transition N factor of approximately 3-3.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00011452
DOI:10.2514/1.J064242