Long-term Response of Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) to Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Deterioration.
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| Title: | Long-term Response of Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) to Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Deterioration. |
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| Authors: | Napoli, Megan M.1 (AUTHOR), Sheehan, Jim2 (AUTHOR), Allen, Michael C.3 (AUTHOR), Master, Terry L.4 (AUTHOR), Clarke, Justin R.5 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Northeastern Naturalist. 2025, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p179-196. 18p. |
| Subjects: | Forest health, Forest insects, Invasive plants, Chicks, Trees, Nest building, Biological productivity, Habitat conservation |
| Abstract: | Few studies have investigated multifaceted responses of individual bird species to forest pest infestations over the long term. Here we document effects of Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) deterioration due to Adelges tsugae (Hemlock Woolly Adelgid) infestation on Empidonax virescens (Acadian Flycatcher) nesting behavior, habitat use, and productivity from 2001–2002 to 2013–2014 in northeastern Pennsylvania and northwestern New Jersey. Eastern Hemlock condition deteriorated over the 14-year period in terms of overall tree and branch condition (needle loss, branch die off) but not infestation level or presence of new tree growth. Understory plant density was not significantly different between available (random) and nest plots within either period but increased significantly between time periods. The slow pace of deterioration and varying degree of hemlock decline within study sites allowed observation of a variety of flycatcher behavioral and reproductive responses. Between time periods, mean nest height in hemlocks increased 1.1 m overall, with the most significant mean shift (2 m) occurring in a study site experiencing especially severe hemlock decline, and nesting shifted from hemlock to deciduous trees. Mean pair density, fledgling density, and nest survival declined significantly across study sites between periods, with near complete abandonment by flycatchers at 2 severely infested sites. Our results will guide future studies on invasive species-induced habitat changes and their effects on forest songbirds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Northeastern Naturalist is the property of Eagle Hill Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 188420554 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Long-term Response of Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) to Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Deterioration. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Napoli%2C+Megan+M%2E%22">Napoli, Megan M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sheehan%2C+Jim%22">Sheehan, Jim</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Allen%2C+Michael+C%2E%22">Allen, Michael C.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Master%2C+Terry+L%2E%22">Master, Terry L.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clarke%2C+Justin+R%2E%22">Clarke, Justin R.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Northeastern+Naturalist%22">Northeastern Naturalist</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p179-196. 18p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+health%22">Forest health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+insects%22">Forest insects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Invasive+plants%22">Invasive plants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chicks%22">Chicks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trees%22">Trees</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nest+building%22">Nest building</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+productivity%22">Biological productivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Habitat+conservation%22">Habitat conservation</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Few studies have investigated multifaceted responses of individual bird species to forest pest infestations over the long term. Here we document effects of Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) deterioration due to Adelges tsugae (Hemlock Woolly Adelgid) infestation on Empidonax virescens (Acadian Flycatcher) nesting behavior, habitat use, and productivity from 2001–2002 to 2013–2014 in northeastern Pennsylvania and northwestern New Jersey. Eastern Hemlock condition deteriorated over the 14-year period in terms of overall tree and branch condition (needle loss, branch die off) but not infestation level or presence of new tree growth. Understory plant density was not significantly different between available (random) and nest plots within either period but increased significantly between time periods. The slow pace of deterioration and varying degree of hemlock decline within study sites allowed observation of a variety of flycatcher behavioral and reproductive responses. Between time periods, mean nest height in hemlocks increased 1.1 m overall, with the most significant mean shift (2 m) occurring in a study site experiencing especially severe hemlock decline, and nesting shifted from hemlock to deciduous trees. Mean pair density, fledgling density, and nest survival declined significantly across study sites between periods, with near complete abandonment by flycatchers at 2 severely infested sites. Our results will guide future studies on invasive species-induced habitat changes and their effects on forest songbirds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Northeastern Naturalist is the property of Eagle Hill Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1656/045.032.0204 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 18 StartPage: 179 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Forest health Type: general – SubjectFull: Forest insects Type: general – SubjectFull: Invasive plants Type: general – SubjectFull: Chicks Type: general – SubjectFull: Trees Type: general – SubjectFull: Nest building Type: general – SubjectFull: Biological productivity Type: general – SubjectFull: Habitat conservation Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Long-term Response of Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) to Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Deterioration. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Napoli, Megan M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sheehan, Jim – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Allen, Michael C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Master, Terry L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Clarke, Justin R. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: 2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10926194 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 32 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Northeastern Naturalist Type: main |
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