Consensus based distributed secondary control for current sharing and voltage restoration considering local loads and constant power loads in dc microgrids.

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Title: Consensus based distributed secondary control for current sharing and voltage restoration considering local loads and constant power loads in dc microgrids.
Authors: Mahdavi, Milad1 (AUTHOR), Banejad, Mahdi1 (AUTHOR) m.banejad@shahroodut.ac.ir, Gholizadeh Narm, Hossein1 (AUTHOR), Aminzadeh, Hamed2 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Modelling & Simulation. Oct2025, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p1875-1897. 23p.
Subjects: Microgrids, Current distribution, Decentralized control systems, Voltage control, Electrical load, Stability theory
Abstract: Ensuring accurate current sharing and regulating output voltage is challenging in DC microgrids. Conventional droop control has limitations in achieving voltage regulation and accurate current sharing. Unequal transmission line resistances, local loads, and constant power load (CPL) add to the complexity. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a novel consensus based distributed secondary control that determines the resistance of transmission lines by injecting an external pulse to the reference voltage of each converter, and then measuring the resulting changes in output voltage and current. The proposed secondary control signal, denoted as ψi, enables simultaneous proportional current sharing and voltage restoration in the DC microgrid. To guarantee the stability of the proposed method, a comprehensive stability analysis of the system is performed. In contrast to similar methods, the proposed method enables achieving precise proportional current sharing and voltage restoration, even when faced with varying resistive loads and CPLs. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibits remarkable features including, high convergence speed, the capability to determine transmission line resistances instead of assuming them to be known, and robustness in plug-and-play scenarios and communication system failures. The proposed method is validated through simulations in MATLAB and experimental tests, affirming its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Modelling & Simulation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Consensus based distributed secondary control for current sharing and voltage restoration considering local loads and constant power loads in dc microgrids.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mahdavi%2C+Milad%22">Mahdavi, Milad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Banejad%2C+Mahdi%22">Banejad, Mahdi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> m.banejad@shahroodut.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gholizadeh+Narm%2C+Hossein%22">Gholizadeh Narm, Hossein</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aminzadeh%2C+Hamed%22">Aminzadeh, Hamed</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Modelling+%26+Simulation%22">International Journal of Modelling & Simulation</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p1875-1897. 23p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microgrids%22">Microgrids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Current+distribution%22">Current distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decentralized+control+systems%22">Decentralized control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Voltage+control%22">Voltage control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrical+load%22">Electrical load</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stability+theory%22">Stability theory</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Ensuring accurate current sharing and regulating output voltage is challenging in DC microgrids. Conventional droop control has limitations in achieving voltage regulation and accurate current sharing. Unequal transmission line resistances, local loads, and constant power load (CPL) add to the complexity. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a novel consensus based distributed secondary control that determines the resistance of transmission lines by injecting an external pulse to the reference voltage of each converter, and then measuring the resulting changes in output voltage and current. The proposed secondary control signal, denoted as ψi, enables simultaneous proportional current sharing and voltage restoration in the DC microgrid. To guarantee the stability of the proposed method, a comprehensive stability analysis of the system is performed. In contrast to similar methods, the proposed method enables achieving precise proportional current sharing and voltage restoration, even when faced with varying resistive loads and CPLs. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibits remarkable features including, high convergence speed, the capability to determine transmission line resistances instead of assuming them to be known, and robustness in plug-and-play scenarios and communication system failures. The proposed method is validated through simulations in MATLAB and experimental tests, affirming its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Modelling & Simulation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02286203.2024.2303578
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 1875
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Microgrids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Current distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Decentralized control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Voltage control
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrical load
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stability theory
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Consensus based distributed secondary control for current sharing and voltage restoration considering local loads and constant power loads in dc microgrids.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Mahdavi, Milad
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            NameFull: Banejad, Mahdi
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            NameFull: Gholizadeh Narm, Hossein
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            NameFull: Aminzadeh, Hamed
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 45
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Modelling & Simulation
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