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Directional Corrosion Behavior of Cold‐Rolled and Annealed 304L Stainless Steel: Role of Residual Stress and Phase Transformation.

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Title: Directional Corrosion Behavior of Cold‐Rolled and Annealed 304L Stainless Steel: Role of Residual Stress and Phase Transformation.
Authors: Bachani, Mokded1 (AUTHOR), Hayoune, Abdelali1 (AUTHOR) athayoune@yahoo.fr, Fajoui, Jamal2 (AUTHOR), Dubos, Pierre‐Antoine2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Steel Research International. Oct2025, Vol. 96 Issue 10, p285-294. 10p.
Subjects: Residual stresses, Dislocation density, Corrosion engineering, Phase transitions, Cold rolling, Austenitic stainless steel, Recrystallization (Metallurgy)
Abstract: This study examines the microstructural evolution, phase transformation, and corrosion behavior of 304L stainless steel after 50% cold rolling and annealing within a temperature range of 400–850 °C. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization in 0.6 M NaCl are employed for analysis. Cold rolling induces significant martensitic transformation (≈62% volume fraction) and increases dislocation density by an order of magnitude. Corrosion resistance shows directional dependence, as rolling direction samples exhibit higher corrosion potential (≈−454 mV) and lower corrosion current density (≈17 μA cm−2), leading to a reduced corrosion rate (≈0.17 mmpy), whereas normal to rolling direction samples have a lower potential (≈−720 mV) and higher corrosion current density (≈34 μA cm−2), resulting in an increased corrosion rate (≈0.34 mmpy). Annealing shows a nonlinear effect on corrosion resistance, peaking at 575 °C with the lowest corrosion current density. At higher temperatures, recovery and recrystallization reduce dislocation density and shift residual stress from compressive to tensile, weakening passive film stability. Fine austenitic grains enhance repassivation but decrease corrosion resistance. Findings indicate that corrosion behavior is mainly governed by residual stress, dislocation density, and crystallographic defects rather than strain‐induced martensitic transformation alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Steel Research International is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Directional Corrosion Behavior of Cold‐Rolled and Annealed 304L Stainless Steel: Role of Residual Stress and Phase Transformation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Steel+Research+International%22">Steel Research International</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 96 Issue 10, p285-294. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Residual+stresses%22">Residual stresses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dislocation+density%22">Dislocation density</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Corrosion+engineering%22">Corrosion engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+transitions%22">Phase transitions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cold+rolling%22">Cold rolling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Austenitic+stainless+steel%22">Austenitic stainless steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recrystallization+%28Metallurgy%29%22">Recrystallization (Metallurgy)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study examines the microstructural evolution, phase transformation, and corrosion behavior of 304L stainless steel after 50% cold rolling and annealing within a temperature range of 400–850 °C. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization in 0.6 M NaCl are employed for analysis. Cold rolling induces significant martensitic transformation (≈62% volume fraction) and increases dislocation density by an order of magnitude. Corrosion resistance shows directional dependence, as rolling direction samples exhibit higher corrosion potential (≈−454 mV) and lower corrosion current density (≈17 μA cm−2), leading to a reduced corrosion rate (≈0.17 mmpy), whereas normal to rolling direction samples have a lower potential (≈−720 mV) and higher corrosion current density (≈34 μA cm−2), resulting in an increased corrosion rate (≈0.34 mmpy). Annealing shows a nonlinear effect on corrosion resistance, peaking at 575 °C with the lowest corrosion current density. At higher temperatures, recovery and recrystallization reduce dislocation density and shift residual stress from compressive to tensile, weakening passive film stability. Fine austenitic grains enhance repassivation but decrease corrosion resistance. Findings indicate that corrosion behavior is mainly governed by residual stress, dislocation density, and crystallographic defects rather than strain‐induced martensitic transformation alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Steel Research International is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/srin.202401046
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 285
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Residual stresses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dislocation density
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Corrosion engineering
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      – SubjectFull: Phase transitions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cold rolling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Austenitic stainless steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Recrystallization (Metallurgy)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Directional Corrosion Behavior of Cold‐Rolled and Annealed 304L Stainless Steel: Role of Residual Stress and Phase Transformation.
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            NameFull: Bachani, Mokded
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            NameFull: Hayoune, Abdelali
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            NameFull: Fajoui, Jamal
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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