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A carrier-assisted strategy for accelerating aerobic granulation under low superficial gas velocity: Critical contributions of sediment biochar and camellia shell biochar carriers.

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Title: A carrier-assisted strategy for accelerating aerobic granulation under low superficial gas velocity: Critical contributions of sediment biochar and camellia shell biochar carriers.
Authors: Lin, Qingxia1,2 (AUTHOR), Song, Chuxuan1 (AUTHOR), Li, Jun2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Ziqiang1 (AUTHOR), Hu, Xue3 (AUTHOR), Xue, Rui4 (AUTHOR), Yang, Suiqin1 (AUTHOR), Gao, Yang1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Wei1 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Lean1 (AUTHOR), Sun, Julong1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jinting1 (AUTHOR), Hidawa, Yoshiyuki5 (AUTHOR), Sun, Shiquan1 (AUTHOR) shiquan_sun@csust.edu.cn
Source: Environmental Research. Nov2025:Part 2, Vol. 285, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Biochar, Microbial diversity, Wastewater treatment, Extracellular matrix, Microbial aggregation
Abstract: Long granulation time and instability limited the practical application of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology. This study presents a strategy for enhancing AGS formation by adding granular biochar carriers (camellia shell biochar and dredged sediment biochar) in two low-energy sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Three SBRs were established, labeled R1 (no carriers added), R2 (dredged sediment biochar), R3 (camellia shell biochar added). The results indicated that the maturation period were reduced by 35 days in R3 and 14 days with R2 compared to the control (R1). Moreover, R3 exhibited better performance, with a 1.5-fold larger mature particle size (565 μm) and higher extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content. The accumulation of polysaccharide-dominated EPS which were mainly composed of humic-like substances in carriers-amended reactors played a vital role in stabilizing particles. Under low superficial gas velocity (SGV,0.64 cm/s), the hierarchical porosity and rough surface of both biochar carriers facilitated microbial adhesion while maintaining stable treatment efficiency. Microbial community analysis indicated enhanced diversity and evenness in carriers-added reactors, with Proteobacteria becoming the dominant phylum (80.22 % in R3). Notably, high specific surface area and nutrient-rich composition of camellia shell biochar fostered a syntrophic environment for denitrifies and EPS-producing bacteria, while the inorganic components of sediment biochar improved granule density in short term. This work highlights the roles of two waste-derived biochar carriers as the structural nucleus and metabolic regulator, offering a cost-effective solution for rapid AGS cultivation in energy-efficient reactors. • Carriers could help maintain stability of AGS under low air velocity (0.64 cm/s). • Two biochar carriers, functioning as nuclei, reduced granulation time by 14 and 35 days, respectively. • Biochar's hierarchical pores and rough surface enhanced microbial adhesion and EPS secretion. • Enhanced N/P removal linked to increased microbial diversity and Proteobacteria dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A carrier-assisted strategy for accelerating aerobic granulation under low superficial gas velocity: Critical contributions of sediment biochar and camellia shell biochar carriers.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Qingxia%22">Lin, Qingxia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Song%2C+Chuxuan%22">Song, Chuxuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jun%22">Li, Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Ziqiang%22">Liu, Ziqiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Xue%22">Hu, Xue</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xue%2C+Rui%22">Xue, Rui</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Suiqin%22">Yang, Suiqin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Yang%22">Gao, Yang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Wei%22">Zhang, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Lean%22">Zhou, Lean</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Julong%22">Sun, Julong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jinting%22">Wang, Jinting</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hidawa%2C+Yoshiyuki%22">Hidawa, Yoshiyuki</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Shiquan%22">Sun, Shiquan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shiquan_sun@csust.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Research%22">Environmental Research</searchLink>. Nov2025:Part 2, Vol. 285, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biochar%22">Biochar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+diversity%22">Microbial diversity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wastewater+treatment%22">Wastewater treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extracellular+matrix%22">Extracellular matrix</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+aggregation%22">Microbial aggregation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Long granulation time and instability limited the practical application of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology. This study presents a strategy for enhancing AGS formation by adding granular biochar carriers (camellia shell biochar and dredged sediment biochar) in two low-energy sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Three SBRs were established, labeled R1 (no carriers added), R2 (dredged sediment biochar), R3 (camellia shell biochar added). The results indicated that the maturation period were reduced by 35 days in R3 and 14 days with R2 compared to the control (R1). Moreover, R3 exhibited better performance, with a 1.5-fold larger mature particle size (565 μm) and higher extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content. The accumulation of polysaccharide-dominated EPS which were mainly composed of humic-like substances in carriers-amended reactors played a vital role in stabilizing particles. Under low superficial gas velocity (SGV,0.64 cm/s), the hierarchical porosity and rough surface of both biochar carriers facilitated microbial adhesion while maintaining stable treatment efficiency. Microbial community analysis indicated enhanced diversity and evenness in carriers-added reactors, with Proteobacteria becoming the dominant phylum (80.22 % in R3). Notably, high specific surface area and nutrient-rich composition of camellia shell biochar fostered a syntrophic environment for denitrifies and EPS-producing bacteria, while the inorganic components of sediment biochar improved granule density in short term. This work highlights the roles of two waste-derived biochar carriers as the structural nucleus and metabolic regulator, offering a cost-effective solution for rapid AGS cultivation in energy-efficient reactors. • Carriers could help maintain stability of AGS under low air velocity (0.64 cm/s). • Two biochar carriers, functioning as nuclei, reduced granulation time by 14 and 35 days, respectively. • Biochar's hierarchical pores and rough surface enhanced microbial adhesion and EPS secretion. • Enhanced N/P removal linked to increased microbial diversity and Proteobacteria dominance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.122342
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Microbial diversity
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      – SubjectFull: Wastewater treatment
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      – SubjectFull: Extracellular matrix
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      – SubjectFull: Microbial aggregation
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              Text: Nov2025:Part 2
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