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The Effects of Unit Cell Arrangement and Hybrid Design on the Compressive Performances of Additive Manufactured Corrax Maraging Stainless Steel Lattices.

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Title: The Effects of Unit Cell Arrangement and Hybrid Design on the Compressive Performances of Additive Manufactured Corrax Maraging Stainless Steel Lattices.
Authors: Ku, Ming-Hsiang1,2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Shou-Wun1,2 (AUTHOR), Wu, Cheng-Da3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yan-Ting3,4 (AUTHOR), Lin, Quiao-En1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Chien-Lun2,4 (AUTHOR), Wu, Ming-Wei1,2,3 (AUTHOR) mwwu@ntut.edu.tw
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 19, p4443. 21p.
Subjects: Unit cell, Compressive strength, Selective laser sintering, Absorption, Crystal lattices, Maraging steel, Selective laser melting
Abstract: Selective laser melting (SLM) enables the production of complexly shaped metals with programmable mechanical responses, yet most lattice studies still rely on a single unit cell and a simple columnar build, severely restricting performance improvements. Here, we examine how combining distinct unit cells and rearranging them within the build volume affects the compressive behavior of SLM Corrax maraging stainless steel lattice structures. Three designs are additively manufactured as follows: a columnar cubic-FCCZ lattice, an alternating cubic and FCCZ lattice, and a hybrid lattice (cubic+FCCZ unit cell). In situ 2D digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element analysis (FEA) are used to resolve full-field strain evolution and failure modes under quasi-static compression. The hybrid lattice achieves the highest first maximum compressive strength (418 ± 5.78 MPa) and energy absorption (128.5 ± 6.83 MJ/m3), with its specific energy absorption (44.2 ± 1.48 kJ/kg) outperforming that of the columnar cubic-FCCZ lattice and alternating cubic and FCCZ lattice by 21.76% and 8.07%, respectively. The enhanced performance is attributed to the more uniform stress distribution and delayed shear band localization afforded by the hybrid lattice. These findings show that simultaneously optimizing unit cell geometry and arrangement can significantly expand the design space of metal lattices and provide a practical approach to improving the compressive strength and energy absorption capacity of load-bearing SLM components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The Effects of Unit Cell Arrangement and Hybrid Design on the Compressive Performances of Additive Manufactured Corrax Maraging Stainless Steel Lattices.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ku%2C+Ming-Hsiang%22">Ku, Ming-Hsiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Shou-Wun%22">Chen, Shou-Wun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Cheng-Da%22">Wu, Cheng-Da</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yan-Ting%22">Liu, Yan-Ting</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Quiao-En%22">Lin, Quiao-En</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Chien-Lun%22">Li, Chien-Lun</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Ming-Wei%22">Wu, Ming-Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mwwu@ntut.edu.tw</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 19, p4443. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Unit+cell%22">Unit cell</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressive+strength%22">Compressive strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Selective+laser+sintering%22">Selective laser sintering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Absorption%22">Absorption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+lattices%22">Crystal lattices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maraging+steel%22">Maraging steel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Selective+laser+melting%22">Selective laser melting</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Selective laser melting (SLM) enables the production of complexly shaped metals with programmable mechanical responses, yet most lattice studies still rely on a single unit cell and a simple columnar build, severely restricting performance improvements. Here, we examine how combining distinct unit cells and rearranging them within the build volume affects the compressive behavior of SLM Corrax maraging stainless steel lattice structures. Three designs are additively manufactured as follows: a columnar cubic-FCCZ lattice, an alternating cubic and FCCZ lattice, and a hybrid lattice (cubic+FCCZ unit cell). In situ 2D digital image correlation (DIC) and finite element analysis (FEA) are used to resolve full-field strain evolution and failure modes under quasi-static compression. The hybrid lattice achieves the highest first maximum compressive strength (418 ± 5.78 MPa) and energy absorption (128.5 ± 6.83 MJ/m3), with its specific energy absorption (44.2 ± 1.48 kJ/kg) outperforming that of the columnar cubic-FCCZ lattice and alternating cubic and FCCZ lattice by 21.76% and 8.07%, respectively. The enhanced performance is attributed to the more uniform stress distribution and delayed shear band localization afforded by the hybrid lattice. These findings show that simultaneously optimizing unit cell geometry and arrangement can significantly expand the design space of metal lattices and provide a practical approach to improving the compressive strength and energy absorption capacity of load-bearing SLM components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma18194443
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 4443
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      – SubjectFull: Unit cell
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compressive strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Selective laser sintering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Absorption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal lattices
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maraging steel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Selective laser melting
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The Effects of Unit Cell Arrangement and Hybrid Design on the Compressive Performances of Additive Manufactured Corrax Maraging Stainless Steel Lattices.
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            NameFull: Ku, Ming-Hsiang
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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