An Experimental and FE Modeling Investigation of the Pull-Out Behavior of Anchoring Solutions in Concrete: A Comparative Study.

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Title: An Experimental and FE Modeling Investigation of the Pull-Out Behavior of Anchoring Solutions in Concrete: A Comparative Study.
Authors: Bizu, Alexandru-Nicolae1,2 (AUTHOR), Isopescu, Dorina Nicolina1,2 (AUTHOR) dorina-nicolina.isopescu@academic.tuiasi.ro, Draghici, Gabriela2,3 (AUTHOR), Blanari, Igor1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 19, p4596. 23p.
Subjects: Concrete, Anchorage (Structural engineering), Steel bars, Finite element method, Structural stability, Anchorage, Structural failures, Fasteners
Abstract: This article presents an original experimental and numerical approach to examining the pull-out behavior of fastening systems made of steel bars simultaneously embedded in both ends of concrete samples. This double-embedded configuration simulates a connection between the existing concrete structure and a new external exoskeleton, promoting seismic strengthening. Pull-out tests were performed across six specimen configurations combining different concrete strength classes in order to compare the adhesive solution against traditional monolithic cast-in rebar embedments. The adhesive-anchored bars achieved a peak pull-out force of ~28.6 kN, which is about 18% higher than with mixed anchorage (one end adhesive, one end cast-in). All specimens failed in concrete cracking and pull-out cone formation, with no steel bar yielding, indicating that failure was governed by concrete strength. Finite element simulations in ANSYS Explicit Dynamics were validated against these experiments, confirming the observed behavior and enabling the extension of our analysis to broader concrete strength ranges. Overall, the results demonstrate that double-ended adhesive anchorage significantly increases the connection's load-bearing capacity and ductility compared to mixed configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: An Experimental and FE Modeling Investigation of the Pull-Out Behavior of Anchoring Solutions in Concrete: A Comparative Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bizu%2C+Alexandru-Nicolae%22">Bizu, Alexandru-Nicolae</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Isopescu%2C+Dorina+Nicolina%22">Isopescu, Dorina Nicolina</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dorina-nicolina.isopescu@academic.tuiasi.ro</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Draghici%2C+Gabriela%22">Draghici, Gabriela</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blanari%2C+Igor%22">Blanari, Igor</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 19, p4596. 23p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Concrete%22">Concrete</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anchorage+%28Structural+engineering%29%22">Anchorage (Structural engineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Steel+bars%22">Steel bars</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+stability%22">Structural stability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anchorage%22">Anchorage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+failures%22">Structural failures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fasteners%22">Fasteners</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This article presents an original experimental and numerical approach to examining the pull-out behavior of fastening systems made of steel bars simultaneously embedded in both ends of concrete samples. This double-embedded configuration simulates a connection between the existing concrete structure and a new external exoskeleton, promoting seismic strengthening. Pull-out tests were performed across six specimen configurations combining different concrete strength classes in order to compare the adhesive solution against traditional monolithic cast-in rebar embedments. The adhesive-anchored bars achieved a peak pull-out force of ~28.6 kN, which is about 18% higher than with mixed anchorage (one end adhesive, one end cast-in). All specimens failed in concrete cracking and pull-out cone formation, with no steel bar yielding, indicating that failure was governed by concrete strength. Finite element simulations in ANSYS Explicit Dynamics were validated against these experiments, confirming the observed behavior and enabling the extension of our analysis to broader concrete strength ranges. Overall, the results demonstrate that double-ended adhesive anchorage significantly increases the connection's load-bearing capacity and ductility compared to mixed configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma18194596
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 4596
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Concrete
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anchorage (Structural engineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Steel bars
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural stability
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      – SubjectFull: Anchorage
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      – SubjectFull: Structural failures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fasteners
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: An Experimental and FE Modeling Investigation of the Pull-Out Behavior of Anchoring Solutions in Concrete: A Comparative Study.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Bizu, Alexandru-Nicolae
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            NameFull: Isopescu, Dorina Nicolina
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            NameFull: Draghici, Gabriela
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            NameFull: Blanari, Igor
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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