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Bio-Inspired Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation: From Nitrogenase Mimicry to Advanced Artificial Systems.

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Title: Bio-Inspired Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation: From Nitrogenase Mimicry to Advanced Artificial Systems.
Authors: Xia, Wenpin1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Kaiyang1,2 (AUTHOR), Hou, Jiewen1 (AUTHOR), Fu, Huaiyu1,2 (AUTHOR), Gao, Mingming1 (AUTHOR), Huang, Hui-Zi2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Liwei1 (AUTHOR), Han, Suqin1 (AUTHOR), Pak, Yen Leng1 (AUTHOR), Mou, Hongyu1 (AUTHOR), Gao, Xing1 (AUTHOR), Guo, Zhenbin2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Oct2025, Vol. 15 Issue 19, p1485. 22p.
Subjects: Nitrogen fixation, Nitrogenases, Biomimetic chemicals, Sustainable chemistry, Sustainability, Photocatalysis, Catalyst synthesis
Abstract: Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions offers a sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process, yet remains limited by the inertness of N≡N bonds and sluggish multi-electron/proton transfer kinetics. Nature's nitrogenase enzymes, featuring the FeMo cofactor and ATP-driven electron cascades, inspire a new generation of artificial systems capable of mimicking their catalytic precision and selectivity. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in bio-inspired photocatalytic nitrogen reduction, focusing on six key strategies derived from enzymatic mechanisms: Fe–Mo–S active site reconstruction, hierarchical electron relay pathways, ATP-mimicking energy modules, defect-induced microenvironments, interfacial charge modulation, and spatial confinement engineering. While notable progress has been made in enhancing activity and selectivity, challenges remain in dynamic regulation, mechanistic elucidation, and system-level integration. Future efforts should prioritize operando characterization, adaptive interface design, and device-compatible catalyst platforms. By abstracting nature's catalytic logic into synthetic architectures, biomimetic photocatalysis holds great promise for scalable, green ammonia production aligned with global decarbonization goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Bio-Inspired Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation: From Nitrogenase Mimicry to Advanced Artificial Systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitrogen+fixation%22">Nitrogen fixation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitrogenases%22">Nitrogenases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomimetic+chemicals%22">Biomimetic chemicals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+chemistry%22">Sustainable chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photocatalysis%22">Photocatalysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catalyst+synthesis%22">Catalyst synthesis</searchLink>
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  Data: Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions offers a sustainable alternative to the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process, yet remains limited by the inertness of N≡N bonds and sluggish multi-electron/proton transfer kinetics. Nature's nitrogenase enzymes, featuring the FeMo cofactor and ATP-driven electron cascades, inspire a new generation of artificial systems capable of mimicking their catalytic precision and selectivity. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in bio-inspired photocatalytic nitrogen reduction, focusing on six key strategies derived from enzymatic mechanisms: Fe–Mo–S active site reconstruction, hierarchical electron relay pathways, ATP-mimicking energy modules, defect-induced microenvironments, interfacial charge modulation, and spatial confinement engineering. While notable progress has been made in enhancing activity and selectivity, challenges remain in dynamic regulation, mechanistic elucidation, and system-level integration. Future efforts should prioritize operando characterization, adaptive interface design, and device-compatible catalyst platforms. By abstracting nature's catalytic logic into synthetic architectures, biomimetic photocatalysis holds great promise for scalable, green ammonia production aligned with global decarbonization goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano15191485
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen fixation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogenases
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      – SubjectFull: Biomimetic chemicals
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