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Effects of Rashba Coupling and Gap on Linear and Nonlinear Optical Conductivity in Graphene Layer.

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Title: Effects of Rashba Coupling and Gap on Linear and Nonlinear Optical Conductivity in Graphene Layer.
Authors: Naifar, A.1,2 (AUTHOR) naifaramin174@gmail.com, Hasanirokh, K.3 (AUTHOR) zhasanirokh@yahoo.com
Source: Plasmonics. Oct2025, Vol. 20 Issue 10, p9369-9378. 10p.
Subjects: Optical conductivity, Kerr electro-optical effect, Chemical potential, Spin-orbit interactions, Graphene, Spintronics, Third harmonic generation
Abstract: This research paper investigates the Kerr effect and third harmonic generation in a gapped graphene layer determined by the Rashba spin–orbit coupling and the bandgap, aiming to develop graphene-based spintronic instruments. The eigenstates and energy dispersion of the system are obtained through computation of the time-independent Schrödinger equation. Main outcomes proved that incrementing the Rashba coupling metric (λ) considerably reduces the σ inter min (1) , whereas when the temperature jumps from 4 to 27 ℃, the linear conductivity decreases. Moreover, when λ sweeps from 60 to 80 meV, the σ inter max (1) is rapidly enhanced, especially when photon frequencies exeeds 6 × 1013 Hz. Our calculations demonstrated that when chemical potential increments, more states around the Dirac points become accessible for electronic transitions, enhancing the interband optical conductivity. Finally, for σ inter (1) (Kerr effect), a quasi-oscillatory behavior is witnessed which rapidly diminishes and is minimized as the mass metric increased from 1 to 2 meV. Our detailed exploration provides fruitful insights into the design of advanced graphene-optoelectronics and spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Plasmonics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effects of Rashba Coupling and Gap on Linear and Nonlinear Optical Conductivity in Graphene Layer.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Naifar%2C+A%2E%22">Naifar, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> naifaramin174@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hasanirokh%2C+K%2E%22">Hasanirokh, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhasanirokh@yahoo.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Plasmonics%22">Plasmonics</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 20 Issue 10, p9369-9378. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+conductivity%22">Optical conductivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kerr+electro-optical+effect%22">Kerr electro-optical effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+potential%22">Chemical potential</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spin-orbit+interactions%22">Spin-orbit interactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphene%22">Graphene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spintronics%22">Spintronics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Third+harmonic+generation%22">Third harmonic generation</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This research paper investigates the Kerr effect and third harmonic generation in a gapped graphene layer determined by the Rashba spin–orbit coupling and the bandgap, aiming to develop graphene-based spintronic instruments. The eigenstates and energy dispersion of the system are obtained through computation of the time-independent Schrödinger equation. Main outcomes proved that incrementing the Rashba coupling metric (λ) considerably reduces the σ inter min (1) , whereas when the temperature jumps from 4 to 27 ℃, the linear conductivity decreases. Moreover, when λ sweeps from 60 to 80 meV, the σ inter max (1) is rapidly enhanced, especially when photon frequencies exeeds 6 × 1013 Hz. Our calculations demonstrated that when chemical potential increments, more states around the Dirac points become accessible for electronic transitions, enhancing the interband optical conductivity. Finally, for σ inter (1) (Kerr effect), a quasi-oscillatory behavior is witnessed which rapidly diminishes and is minimized as the mass metric increased from 1 to 2 meV. Our detailed exploration provides fruitful insights into the design of advanced graphene-optoelectronics and spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Plasmonics is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11468-025-02999-1
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kerr electro-optical effect
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      – SubjectFull: Chemical potential
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      – SubjectFull: Spin-orbit interactions
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      – SubjectFull: Graphene
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      – SubjectFull: Spintronics
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      – SubjectFull: Third harmonic generation
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      – TitleFull: Effects of Rashba Coupling and Gap on Linear and Nonlinear Optical Conductivity in Graphene Layer.
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              Text: Oct2025
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