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On the red-shift emission from the black hole horizons replicas.

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Title: On the red-shift emission from the black hole horizons replicas.
Authors: Pugliese, D.1 (AUTHOR) dany.pugliese@gmail.com, Stuchlík, Z.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields. Sep2025, Vol. 85 Issue 9, p1-25. 25p.
Subjects: Redshift, Black holes, Kerr black holes, Accretion disks, Gravitational waves
Abstract: We examine the red-shift emission from special orbits (horizons replicas) where photons have the same angular velocity, in magnitude, as those of the Kerr black hole (BH) Killing horizons. We focus on two particular contexts of special significance for their observational implications. A set of these orbits is located in the BH photons shell. Therefore the analysis also connects the red-shifting or blue-shifting from replicas (defined through the BH light surfaces) to the BH shadow boundaries. We then concentrate on the equatorial, general relativistic, axially symmetric accretion disks, orbiting around the central attractor. In the analysis we adopted in particular the Polish doughnut models of geometrically thick toroids, to investigate the signals frequency-shifting from the horizons replica as related to the disks surface, inner edge and accretion flows. The findings map the red-shifting and blue-shifting regions of the signals in dependence to the photons impact parameter, view-angle, angular velocity of the emitter and BH spin. Co-rotating and counter-rotating replica could be identified through the red-shifting or blue-shifting of the emitted signals from the mapped regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: On the red-shift emission from the black hole horizons replicas.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pugliese%2C+D%2E%22">Pugliese, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dany.pugliese@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stuchlík%2C+Z%2E%22">Stuchlík, Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+C+--+Particles+%26+Fields%22">European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields</searchLink>. Sep2025, Vol. 85 Issue 9, p1-25. 25p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Redshift%22">Redshift</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Black+holes%22">Black holes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kerr+black+holes%22">Kerr black holes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accretion+disks%22">Accretion disks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gravitational+waves%22">Gravitational waves</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: We examine the red-shift emission from special orbits (horizons replicas) where photons have the same angular velocity, in magnitude, as those of the Kerr black hole (BH) Killing horizons. We focus on two particular contexts of special significance for their observational implications. A set of these orbits is located in the BH photons shell. Therefore the analysis also connects the red-shifting or blue-shifting from replicas (defined through the BH light surfaces) to the BH shadow boundaries. We then concentrate on the equatorial, general relativistic, axially symmetric accretion disks, orbiting around the central attractor. In the analysis we adopted in particular the Polish doughnut models of geometrically thick toroids, to investigate the signals frequency-shifting from the horizons replica as related to the disks surface, inner edge and accretion flows. The findings map the red-shifting and blue-shifting regions of the signals in dependence to the photons impact parameter, view-angle, angular velocity of the emitter and BH spin. Co-rotating and counter-rotating replica could be identified through the red-shifting or blue-shifting of the emitted signals from the mapped regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14746-1
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Redshift
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Black holes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kerr black holes
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      – SubjectFull: Accretion disks
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      – SubjectFull: Gravitational waves
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025
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              Y: 2025
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