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Variably weathered ultramafic rocks: Investigation of their mineralogy with SuperCam-like techniques.

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Title: Variably weathered ultramafic rocks: Investigation of their mineralogy with SuperCam-like techniques.
Authors: Collet, C.1 (AUTHOR), Cousin, A.1 (AUTHOR) agnes.cousin@irap.omp.eu, Beyssac, O.2 (AUTHOR), Beck, P.3 (AUTHOR), Forni, O.1 (AUTHOR), Clegg, S.4 (AUTHOR), Comellas, J.5 (AUTHOR), Clavé, E.6 (AUTHOR), Fau, A.1 (AUTHOR), Pont, S.2 (AUTHOR), Poulet, F.7 (AUTHOR), Martinez, R.K.4 (AUTHOR), Austrheim, H.8 (AUTHOR), Maurice, S.1 (AUTHOR), Wiens, R.C.9 (AUTHOR)
Source: Spectrochimica Acta Part B. Dec2025, Vol. 234, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Mineralogy, Olivine, Ultrabasic rocks, Hydrothermal alteration, Raman spectroscopy, Laser spectroscopy, Mars (Planet)
Abstract: The NASA Perseverance rover is exploring Jezero crater on Mars since February 2021. Orbital data from Nili Fossae and Jezero crater show a wide diversity of mineralogical signatures including primary mineral like olivine as well as diverse secondary minerals like clays and serpentines and one of the strongest spectral signatures of carbonate on Mars from orbit. This olivine and carbonate-bearing unit is regionally extensive. Most of the studies interpreted the relationship between olivine and carbonate-bearing units as a result of weathering processes involving fluid–rock interactions such as serpentinization and carbonation. Since February 2021, Perseverance has confirmed this large diversity of primary and secondary minerals. The detection of serpentine is of particular interest in order to better constrain the past environment at Jezero crater. Among the science payload, SuperCam is combining three spectral techniques (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy - LIBS, Raman, and Visible and near InfraRed - VISIR) that give access to the elemental composition of the targets but also to their mineral and molecular structure. Here, we use terrestrial ultramafic rocks with various degrees of alteration that were well characterized from previous studies, and we analyze them with SuperCam replicate laboratory setups to investigate the sensitivity of SuperCam to detect olivine and secondary phases, in particular serpentines. Distinguishing serpentine from olivine by LIBS is challenging since they have similar chemistry. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy is able to detect all the phases present in the analyzed samples, when their content is high enough. Finally, the VISIR technique detected the secondary phases while it did not observe easily the olivine. We found that the synergy between these three techniques is of particular importance to differentiate such specific phases, which occur as intricate mixtures down to the sub-micrometer scale in natural targets. [Display omitted] • Serpentinization is a common alteration pathway for ultramafic rocks. • Serpentinization products are often found in mesh texture or in micro fractures. • SuperCam spectral techniques have different spot sizes (LIBS: 220 μ m , Raman: 2.25 mm, VISIR: 2.25-3.30 mm for a target at 3 m), but they are all co-aligned. • We untangle the olivine/serpentine mixture with SuperCam-like techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part B is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Variably weathered ultramafic rocks: Investigation of their mineralogy with SuperCam-like techniques.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Collet%2C+C%2E%22">Collet, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cousin%2C+A%2E%22">Cousin, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> agnes.cousin@irap.omp.eu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beyssac%2C+O%2E%22">Beyssac, O.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beck%2C+P%2E%22">Beck, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Forni%2C+O%2E%22">Forni, O.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clegg%2C+S%2E%22">Clegg, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Comellas%2C+J%2E%22">Comellas, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clavé%2C+E%2E%22">Clavé, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fau%2C+A%2E%22">Fau, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pont%2C+S%2E%22">Pont, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Poulet%2C+F%2E%22">Poulet, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martinez%2C+R%2EK%2E%22">Martinez, R.K.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Austrheim%2C+H%2E%22">Austrheim, H.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maurice%2C+S%2E%22">Maurice, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wiens%2C+R%2EC%2E%22">Wiens, R.C.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Spectrochimica+Acta+Part+B%22">Spectrochimica Acta Part B</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 234, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mineralogy%22">Mineralogy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Olivine%22">Olivine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ultrabasic+rocks%22">Ultrabasic rocks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+alteration%22">Hydrothermal alteration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Raman+spectroscopy%22">Raman spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+spectroscopy%22">Laser spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mars+%28Planet%29%22">Mars (Planet)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The NASA Perseverance rover is exploring Jezero crater on Mars since February 2021. Orbital data from Nili Fossae and Jezero crater show a wide diversity of mineralogical signatures including primary mineral like olivine as well as diverse secondary minerals like clays and serpentines and one of the strongest spectral signatures of carbonate on Mars from orbit. This olivine and carbonate-bearing unit is regionally extensive. Most of the studies interpreted the relationship between olivine and carbonate-bearing units as a result of weathering processes involving fluid–rock interactions such as serpentinization and carbonation. Since February 2021, Perseverance has confirmed this large diversity of primary and secondary minerals. The detection of serpentine is of particular interest in order to better constrain the past environment at Jezero crater. Among the science payload, SuperCam is combining three spectral techniques (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy - LIBS, Raman, and Visible and near InfraRed - VISIR) that give access to the elemental composition of the targets but also to their mineral and molecular structure. Here, we use terrestrial ultramafic rocks with various degrees of alteration that were well characterized from previous studies, and we analyze them with SuperCam replicate laboratory setups to investigate the sensitivity of SuperCam to detect olivine and secondary phases, in particular serpentines. Distinguishing serpentine from olivine by LIBS is challenging since they have similar chemistry. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy is able to detect all the phases present in the analyzed samples, when their content is high enough. Finally, the VISIR technique detected the secondary phases while it did not observe easily the olivine. We found that the synergy between these three techniques is of particular importance to differentiate such specific phases, which occur as intricate mixtures down to the sub-micrometer scale in natural targets. [Display omitted] • Serpentinization is a common alteration pathway for ultramafic rocks. • Serpentinization products are often found in mesh texture or in micro fractures. • SuperCam spectral techniques have different spot sizes (LIBS: 220 μ m , Raman: 2.25 mm, VISIR: 2.25-3.30 mm for a target at 3 m), but they are all co-aligned. • We untangle the olivine/serpentine mixture with SuperCam-like techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part B is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107338
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mineralogy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Olivine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ultrabasic rocks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal alteration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Raman spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laser spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mars (Planet)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Variably weathered ultramafic rocks: Investigation of their mineralogy with SuperCam-like techniques.
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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