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Envisioning excellence in the Affect of Service, Information Control and Library as a Place: a LibQUAL+® assessment of Pakistani School Libraries.

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Title: Envisioning excellence in the Affect of Service, Information Control and Library as a Place: a LibQUAL+® assessment of Pakistani School Libraries.
Authors: Azhar, Sana1 (AUTHOR) sanaazhar7613@gmail.com, Awan, Waqar Ahmad1 (AUTHOR) waqar.info.mgr@gmail.com, Soroya, Muhammad Shahid2 (AUTHOR) shahidsoroya@gmail.com
Source: Performance Measurement & Metrics. 2025, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p285-303. 19p.
Subjects: School library standards, Library public service standards, School library administration, Student satisfaction, School environment, T-test (Statistics), Cronbach's alpha, Data analysis, Excellence, Public sector, Statistical sampling, Research evaluation, Information resources, Private sector, Quantitative research, Descriptive statistics, Information services, Information needs, Library public services, One-way analysis of variance, Inferential statistics, Statistics, Data analysis software, Access to information
Geographic Terms: Pakistan
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the perceived, minimum acceptable, and desired service quality of School Libraries in terms of the Affect of Service, Information Control, and as a Place using a unique LibQUAL+® Urdu-translated version. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey research method and an instrument tool were used to conduct this study. The already available Urdu-translated version (translated for university library users) was content-validated and reliability-checked on 9th and 10th-grade students through two phases of pilot testing, content validation, and incorporation of suggestions. Then, for the final study, data were collected from 28 public and private sector school students in seven Tehsils of Sargodha District using equal-sized stratified convenience sampling. Findings: Descriptive statistics show that the perceived service quality in Private and Public Schools exceeds the middle value of 4.5 on the 9-point Likert-type scale. However, students' minimum acceptable and desired service quality are higher than the perceived quality in the Affect of Service, and Information Control categories. Library as a Place, however, scored higher than the minimum acceptable service quality. Inferential statistics reveal that male respondents rate the library quality significantly higher than female respondents. The results also indicate that the minimum acceptable level of library quality reported by government school respondents is significantly higher than that of private school students. Male respondents have reported significantly higher expectations than female respondents. Originality/value: This study is the first to use the LibQUAL+® tool's Urdu language version to investigate the libraries' School Libraries service quality in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Performance Measurement & Metrics is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Envisioning excellence in the Affect of Service, Information Control and Library as a Place: a LibQUAL+® assessment of Pakistani School Libraries.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Azhar%2C+Sana%22">Azhar, Sana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sanaazhar7613@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Awan%2C+Waqar+Ahmad%22">Awan, Waqar Ahmad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> waqar.info.mgr@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soroya%2C+Muhammad+Shahid%22">Soroya, Muhammad Shahid</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shahidsoroya@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Performance+Measurement+%26+Metrics%22">Performance Measurement & Metrics</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p285-303. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+library+standards%22">School library standards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Library+public+service+standards%22">Library public service standards</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+library+administration%22">School library administration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+satisfaction%22">Student satisfaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+environment%22">School environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cronbach's+alpha%22">Cronbach's alpha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Excellence%22">Excellence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+sector%22">Public sector</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+evaluation%22">Research evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+resources%22">Information resources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Private+sector%22">Private sector</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantitative+research%22">Quantitative research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+services%22">Information services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+needs%22">Information needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Library+public+services%22">Library public services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22One-way+analysis+of+variance%22">One-way analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inferential+statistics%22">Inferential statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Access+to+information%22">Access to information</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pakistan%22">Pakistan</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the perceived, minimum acceptable, and desired service quality of School Libraries in terms of the Affect of Service, Information Control, and as a Place using a unique LibQUAL+® Urdu-translated version. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey research method and an instrument tool were used to conduct this study. The already available Urdu-translated version (translated for university library users) was content-validated and reliability-checked on 9th and 10th-grade students through two phases of pilot testing, content validation, and incorporation of suggestions. Then, for the final study, data were collected from 28 public and private sector school students in seven Tehsils of Sargodha District using equal-sized stratified convenience sampling. Findings: Descriptive statistics show that the perceived service quality in Private and Public Schools exceeds the middle value of 4.5 on the 9-point Likert-type scale. However, students' minimum acceptable and desired service quality are higher than the perceived quality in the Affect of Service, and Information Control categories. Library as a Place, however, scored higher than the minimum acceptable service quality. Inferential statistics reveal that male respondents rate the library quality significantly higher than female respondents. The results also indicate that the minimum acceptable level of library quality reported by government school respondents is significantly higher than that of private school students. Male respondents have reported significantly higher expectations than female respondents. Originality/value: This study is the first to use the LibQUAL+® tool's Urdu language version to investigate the libraries' School Libraries service quality in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Performance Measurement & Metrics is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1108/PMM-02-2025-0006
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 285
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: School library standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Library public service standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School library administration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student satisfaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cronbach's alpha
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Excellence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Public sector
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Information resources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Private sector
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantitative research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Information services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Information needs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Library public services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: One-way analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Inferential statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Access to information
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Envisioning excellence in the Affect of Service, Information Control and Library as a Place: a LibQUAL+® assessment of Pakistani School Libraries.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Azhar, Sana
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            NameFull: Awan, Waqar Ahmad
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            NameFull: Soroya, Muhammad Shahid
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: 2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 14678047
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              Value: 26
            – Type: issue
              Value: 4
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Performance Measurement & Metrics
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