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Comparing Arousal and Workload During an Emergency Landing in a Virtual Reality and a Conventional Flight Simulator.

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Title: Comparing Arousal and Workload During an Emergency Landing in a Virtual Reality and a Conventional Flight Simulator.
Authors: Vallès-Català, Toni1 (AUTHOR) tvalles.pdi@cesda.com, Guerrero, Ivan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. Nov2025, Vol. 41 Issue 21, p13447-13459. 13p.
Subjects: Virtual reality, Flight simulators, Cognitive load, Flight training, Biotelemetry, Aircraft accidents, Flight instructors, Arousal (Physiology)
Abstract: Virtual reality has shown its advantages as a learning tool, but further research is essential to verify its efficacy for pilot training. This experimental study involving 29 student pilots, aims to compare the arousal and workload during an engine failure in a virtual reality flight simulator (VRFS) and in a conventional flight simulator training device (FSTD). Arousal was gathered by electrodermal activity, and workload was gathered by interbeat interval and NASA-TLX questionnaire. We found that the use of VRFS and FSTD increases arousal and workload levels in student pilots. Additionally, we observed that stud ent pilots experienced higher arousal and workload in the FSTD than in the VRFS, being the difference of moderate magnitude with physiological data and large magnitude in workload subjective data. These findings suggest that pilot students maintain focus on flight tasks in a VRFS, being a good support for FSTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Comparing Arousal and Workload During an Emergency Landing in a Virtual Reality and a Conventional Flight Simulator.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vallès-Català%2C+Toni%22">Vallès-Català, Toni</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> tvalles.pdi@cesda.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guerrero%2C+Ivan%22">Guerrero, Ivan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Human-Computer+Interaction%22">International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 41 Issue 21, p13447-13459. 13p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Virtual+reality%22">Virtual reality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flight+simulators%22">Flight simulators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+load%22">Cognitive load</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flight+training%22">Flight training</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biotelemetry%22">Biotelemetry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aircraft+accidents%22">Aircraft accidents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flight+instructors%22">Flight instructors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arousal+%28Physiology%29%22">Arousal (Physiology)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Virtual reality has shown its advantages as a learning tool, but further research is essential to verify its efficacy for pilot training. This experimental study involving 29 student pilots, aims to compare the arousal and workload during an engine failure in a virtual reality flight simulator (VRFS) and in a conventional flight simulator training device (FSTD). Arousal was gathered by electrodermal activity, and workload was gathered by interbeat interval and NASA-TLX questionnaire. We found that the use of VRFS and FSTD increases arousal and workload levels in student pilots. Additionally, we observed that stud ent pilots experienced higher arousal and workload in the FSTD than in the VRFS, being the difference of moderate magnitude with physiological data and large magnitude in workload subjective data. These findings suggest that pilot students maintain focus on flight tasks in a VRFS, being a good support for FSTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10447318.2025.2474464
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 13447
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Virtual reality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flight simulators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive load
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flight training
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biotelemetry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aircraft accidents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flight instructors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arousal (Physiology)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Comparing Arousal and Workload During an Emergency Landing in a Virtual Reality and a Conventional Flight Simulator.
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            NameFull: Vallès-Català, Toni
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            NameFull: Guerrero, Ivan
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
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