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Environmental and Geochemical Controls on Acid Sulfate Soil Formation Along the Southern Baltic Sea Coast.

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Title: Environmental and Geochemical Controls on Acid Sulfate Soil Formation Along the Southern Baltic Sea Coast.
Authors: Hulisz, Piotr1 (AUTHOR) hulisz@umk.pl, Michalski, Adam2 (AUTHOR), Dąbrowski, Michał2 (AUTHOR)
Source: European Journal of Soil Science. Sep/Oct2025, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p1-16. 16p.
Subjects: Acid sulfate soils, Soil formation, Analytical geochemistry, Hydrologic models, Hazardous substances, Coastal plains, Environmental engineering
Geographic Terms: Baltic Sea
Abstract: This study investigates the environmental and geochemical controls on forming and transforming acid sulfate (AS) soils along the southern Baltic Sea coast. Field surveys and laboratory analyses were conducted on a series of coastal soil transects located in hydrologically dynamic environments, including abrasive terraces/beaches, micro‐cliffs/beach ridges, and organic‐rich depressions. The results revealed a high site‐specific variability in AS soil properties driven by topographic position, hydrological regime, and sedimentary history. Hypersulfidic materials, indicative of sulfide accumulation under reducing conditions, were found across all geomorphological settings. Geochemical indicators such as field pH, total organic carbon to total sulfur ratio, chloride, and calcium carbonate content proved effective in assessing the soil variability, including acidification potential. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated a predominantly natural origin of potentially toxic elements and the absence of technogenic contamination. However, under changing redox conditions, particularly in carbonate‐poor soils, the mobilisation of toxic elements such as chromium, nickel, lead, and zinc cannot be excluded, despite their generally low concentrations. Organic matter, derived from both autochthonous and allochthonous sources, played a key role in sulfidisation processes, although the influence of its humification degree on acidification risk remains unclear. Overall, the study highlights the importance of localised environmental controls in AS soil development and provides a methodological framework for identifying similar systems in other coastal plains of the Baltic Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Soil Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 188925836
AccessLevel: 6
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Environmental and Geochemical Controls on Acid Sulfate Soil Formation Along the Southern Baltic Sea Coast.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hulisz%2C+Piotr%22">Hulisz, Piotr</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hulisz@umk.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michalski%2C+Adam%22">Michalski, Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dąbrowski%2C+Michał%22">Dąbrowski, Michał</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Soil+Science%22">European Journal of Soil Science</searchLink>. Sep/Oct2025, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acid+sulfate+soils%22">Acid sulfate soils</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+formation%22">Soil formation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analytical+geochemistry%22">Analytical geochemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrologic+models%22">Hydrologic models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hazardous+substances%22">Hazardous substances</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coastal+plains%22">Coastal plains</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+engineering%22">Environmental engineering</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Baltic+Sea%22">Baltic Sea</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates the environmental and geochemical controls on forming and transforming acid sulfate (AS) soils along the southern Baltic Sea coast. Field surveys and laboratory analyses were conducted on a series of coastal soil transects located in hydrologically dynamic environments, including abrasive terraces/beaches, micro‐cliffs/beach ridges, and organic‐rich depressions. The results revealed a high site‐specific variability in AS soil properties driven by topographic position, hydrological regime, and sedimentary history. Hypersulfidic materials, indicative of sulfide accumulation under reducing conditions, were found across all geomorphological settings. Geochemical indicators such as field pH, total organic carbon to total sulfur ratio, chloride, and calcium carbonate content proved effective in assessing the soil variability, including acidification potential. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated a predominantly natural origin of potentially toxic elements and the absence of technogenic contamination. However, under changing redox conditions, particularly in carbonate‐poor soils, the mobilisation of toxic elements such as chromium, nickel, lead, and zinc cannot be excluded, despite their generally low concentrations. Organic matter, derived from both autochthonous and allochthonous sources, played a key role in sulfidisation processes, although the influence of its humification degree on acidification risk remains unclear. Overall, the study highlights the importance of localised environmental controls in AS soil development and provides a methodological framework for identifying similar systems in other coastal plains of the Baltic Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Soil Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1111/ejss.70198
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Acid sulfate soils
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil formation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analytical geochemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrologic models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hazardous substances
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coastal plains
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Baltic Sea
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Environmental and Geochemical Controls on Acid Sulfate Soil Formation Along the Southern Baltic Sea Coast.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Hulisz, Piotr
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            NameFull: Michalski, Adam
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            NameFull: Dąbrowski, Michał
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep/Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 76
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            – TitleFull: European Journal of Soil Science
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