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Microstructure and texture evolution of β-air cooled commercial-purity zirconium during rolling.

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Title: Microstructure and texture evolution of β-air cooled commercial-purity zirconium during rolling.
Authors: Zhao, Xiaotong1 (AUTHOR), Chai, Linjiang1 (AUTHOR) chailinjiang@cqut.edu.cn, Liu, Hongliang1 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Yufan1 (AUTHOR), Luo, Shan1 (AUTHOR), Hu, Chaodan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials. Jan2026, Vol. 134, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Microstructure, Zirconium, Dislocations in crystals, Deformations (Mechanics), Hardness, Grain refinement, Crystal orientation
Abstract: To explore the microstructure and texture evolution of β-air cooled (β-AC) commercial-purity zirconium during rolling, a β-AC zirconium sheet was rolled at room temperature to various reductions (5–50 %) and then subjected to detailed characterizations utilizing electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results reveal that the initial β-AC sheet exhibits a typical Widmanstätten structure with scattered orientations, which undergoes significant microstructure and texture changes during subsequent rolling. At reduction <20 %, the density of deformation twin increases with higher strains, leading to continuous refinement of the initial coarse lath structures. Meanwhile, texture components with grain c-axes inclined ±30–40° from normal direction (ND) toward transverse direction (TD) or parallel to TD (c//TD) are gradually developed. At reduction >20 %, new twins are no longer formed and dislocation slip becomes the predominant deformation mode, allowing a strong basal texture with most c-axes parallel to ND (c//ND) to be eventually developed. After the rolling reduction reaches 50 %, the average grain size decreases from 20.5 ± 17.5 μm to 3.3 ± 4.0 μm, along with specimen hardness enhanced from 172.3 ± 6.8 HV to 278.5 ± 5.3 HV. Detailed analyses reveal that the hardness enhancement in the rolled specimens is primarily attributed to grain-refinement and dislocation strengthening. The rolling texture could also make a significant contribution to hardening, particularly when the deformation amount is relatively high. • A β-air cooled (β-AC) Zr sheet was rolled at room temperature to various reductions (5–50 %). • Initial β-AC sheet exhibits a typical Widmanstätten structure with scattered orientations. • At strain <20 %, twin density continuously increases leading to grain refinement and new textures developed. • At strain >20 %, slip becomes predominant deformation mode making c//ND texture be eventually formed. • Enhanced hardness can be jointly attributed to grain-refinement, dislocation and texture strengthening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Microstructure and texture evolution of β-air cooled commercial-purity zirconium during rolling.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhao%2C+Xiaotong%22&quot;&gt;Zhao, Xiaotong&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chai%2C+Linjiang%22&quot;&gt;Chai, Linjiang&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; chailinjiang@cqut.edu.cn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Liu%2C+Hongliang%22&quot;&gt;Liu, Hongliang&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhu%2C+Yufan%22&quot;&gt;Zhu, Yufan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Luo%2C+Shan%22&quot;&gt;Luo, Shan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Hu%2C+Chaodan%22&quot;&gt;Hu, Chaodan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To explore the microstructure and texture evolution of β-air cooled (β-AC) commercial-purity zirconium during rolling, a β-AC zirconium sheet was rolled at room temperature to various reductions (5–50 %) and then subjected to detailed characterizations utilizing electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results reveal that the initial β-AC sheet exhibits a typical Widmanst&#228;tten structure with scattered orientations, which undergoes significant microstructure and texture changes during subsequent rolling. At reduction &lt;20 %, the density of deformation twin increases with higher strains, leading to continuous refinement of the initial coarse lath structures. Meanwhile, texture components with grain c-axes inclined &#177;30–40&#176; from normal direction (ND) toward transverse direction (TD) or parallel to TD (c//TD) are gradually developed. At reduction &gt;20 %, new twins are no longer formed and dislocation slip becomes the predominant deformation mode, allowing a strong basal texture with most c-axes parallel to ND (c//ND) to be eventually developed. After the rolling reduction reaches 50 %, the average grain size decreases from 20.5 &#177; 17.5 μm to 3.3 &#177; 4.0 μm, along with specimen hardness enhanced from 172.3 &#177; 6.8 HV to 278.5 &#177; 5.3 HV. Detailed analyses reveal that the hardness enhancement in the rolled specimens is primarily attributed to grain-refinement and dislocation strengthening. The rolling texture could also make a significant contribution to hardening, particularly when the deformation amount is relatively high. • A β-air cooled (β-AC) Zr sheet was rolled at room temperature to various reductions (5–50 %). • Initial β-AC sheet exhibits a typical Widmanst&#228;tten structure with scattered orientations. • At strain &lt;20 %, twin density continuously increases leading to grain refinement and new textures developed. • At strain &gt;20 %, slip becomes predominant deformation mode making c//ND texture be eventually formed. • Enhanced hardness can be jointly attributed to grain-refinement, dislocation and texture strengthening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of International Journal of Refractory Metals &amp; Hard Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107442
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Zirconium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dislocations in crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deformations (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hardness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grain refinement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal orientation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Microstructure and texture evolution of β-air cooled commercial-purity zirconium during rolling.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Zhao, Xiaotong
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            NameFull: Chai, Linjiang
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            NameFull: Liu, Hongliang
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            NameFull: Zhu, Yufan
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            NameFull: Luo, Shan
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            NameFull: Hu, Chaodan
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 134
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials
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