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Impact of Turbulence, Combustion, and Radiation Models on RANS-Based Simulation of Methane–Hydrogen Diffusion Flames.

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Title: Impact of Turbulence, Combustion, and Radiation Models on RANS-Based Simulation of Methane–Hydrogen Diffusion Flames.
Authors: Esmaeili, Mostafa1 (AUTHOR) m.esmaeili@khu.ac.ir
Source: Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ). Nov2025, Vol. 50 Issue 22, p18877-18890. 14p.
Subjects: Turbulence, Combustion engineering, Methane flames, Model validation, Heat radiation & absorption, Hydrogen as fuel, Emissions (Air pollution), Flow simulations
Abstract: Hydrogen-enriched fuels are highlighted as a potential way to lower pollutant emissions due to the worldwide demand for cleaner fuels and improvements in combustion technology. In this work, methods for improving simulation accuracy for turbulent non-premixed jet diffusion flames powered by a methane–hydrogen combination are examined. Using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations, this research evaluates the roles of different turbulence models (Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS), K-ω-SST, K-ε-realizable, and RSM), radiation heat transfer, and combustion models in achieving greater agreement between numerical predictions and experimental results. The findings reveal that the SAS model aligns more closely with experimental data, particularly in the x/D < 60 region, while the K-ω-SST, K-ε-realizable, and RSM models overpredict temperatures by approximately 350 °C. The anticipated temperatures improve by 42 °C and the relative error decreases by 5% when radiation effects are taken into account. The flamelet model predicts species mass fractions more accurately than the equilibrium model when it comes to combustion modeling. This approach leads to significant reductions in the maximum relative errors, with the mass fraction of OH decreasing from 43 to 13%, CO from 36 to 9%, and CO2 from 46 to 19%. Our results emphasize the importance of the turbulence and combustion modeling approaches for accurately simulating hydrogen-enriched flames and advancing cleaner energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Impact of Turbulence, Combustion, and Radiation Models on RANS-Based Simulation of Methane–Hydrogen Diffusion Flames.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Hydrogen-enriched fuels are highlighted as a potential way to lower pollutant emissions due to the worldwide demand for cleaner fuels and improvements in combustion technology. In this work, methods for improving simulation accuracy for turbulent non-premixed jet diffusion flames powered by a methane–hydrogen combination are examined. Using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations, this research evaluates the roles of different turbulence models (Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS), K-ω-SST, K-ε-realizable, and RSM), radiation heat transfer, and combustion models in achieving greater agreement between numerical predictions and experimental results. The findings reveal that the SAS model aligns more closely with experimental data, particularly in the x/D &lt; 60 region, while the K-ω-SST, K-ε-realizable, and RSM models overpredict temperatures by approximately 350 &#176;C. The anticipated temperatures improve by 42 &#176;C and the relative error decreases by 5% when radiation effects are taken into account. The flamelet model predicts species mass fractions more accurately than the equilibrium model when it comes to combustion modeling. This approach leads to significant reductions in the maximum relative errors, with the mass fraction of OH decreasing from 43 to 13%, CO from 36 to 9%, and CO2 from 46 to 19%. Our results emphasize the importance of the turbulence and combustion modeling approaches for accurately simulating hydrogen-enriched flames and advancing cleaner energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Arabian Journal for Science &amp; Engineering (Springer Science &amp; Business Media B.V. ) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s13369-025-09968-0
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 18877
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Turbulence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combustion engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Methane flames
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Model validation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat radiation & absorption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen as fuel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emissions (Air pollution)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flow simulations
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Impact of Turbulence, Combustion, and Radiation Models on RANS-Based Simulation of Methane–Hydrogen Diffusion Flames.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Esmaeili, Mostafa
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            – D: 15
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. )
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