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Facile Green Synthesis of N-Type InP Thin-Film Photoanodes with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Hydrogen Generation.

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Title: Facile Green Synthesis of N-Type InP Thin-Film Photoanodes with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Hydrogen Generation.
Authors: Chen, Ying-Chu1 (AUTHOR), Lin, Heng-Yi2 (AUTHOR), Hsu, Yu-Kuei1 (AUTHOR) ykhsu@gms.ndhu.edu.tw
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Oct2025, Vol. 15 Issue 20, p1544. 12p.
Subjects: Hydrogen production, Indium phosphide, Photocathodes, Clean energy, Photoelectrochemistry, Sustainable chemistry
Abstract: Indium phosphide (InP) is a promising photoactive material for solar-driven hydrogen production owing to its optimal bandgap, high carrier mobility, and broad solar absorption. However, conventional InP fabrication relies on costly wafers and toxic precursors, limiting its scalability and sustainability. Here, we demonstrate a simple and environmentally friendly route to synthesize n-type InP thin-film photoanodes by phosphidating indium films prepared via doctor blade coating on ITO substrates, using NaH2PO2 as a phosphorus source. Structural and spectroscopic analyses (XRD, Raman, XPS, PL) confirmed the successful formation of crystalline InP with optimum quality at 425 °C. Photoelectrochemical measurements revealed a significant photocurrent density of 1.8 mA·cm−2 under AM 1.5 illumination, with extended photoresponse into the near-infrared region. Mott–Schottky and EIS analyses indicated efficient charge separation, low transfer resistance, and unintentional n-type doping due to Sn diffusion from the ITO substrate. This facile and green synthesis route not only provides a scalable approach to III–V semiconductors but also highlights InP thin films as cost-effective and efficient photoanodes for sustainable solar hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Facile Green Synthesis of N-Type InP Thin-Film Photoanodes with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Hydrogen Generation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Ying-Chu%22">Chen, Ying-Chu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Heng-Yi%22">Lin, Heng-Yi</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hsu%2C+Yu-Kuei%22">Hsu, Yu-Kuei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ykhsu@gms.ndhu.edu.tw</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 15 Issue 20, p1544. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+production%22">Hydrogen production</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indium+phosphide%22">Indium phosphide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photocathodes%22">Photocathodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clean+energy%22">Clean energy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photoelectrochemistry%22">Photoelectrochemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+chemistry%22">Sustainable chemistry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Indium phosphide (InP) is a promising photoactive material for solar-driven hydrogen production owing to its optimal bandgap, high carrier mobility, and broad solar absorption. However, conventional InP fabrication relies on costly wafers and toxic precursors, limiting its scalability and sustainability. Here, we demonstrate a simple and environmentally friendly route to synthesize n-type InP thin-film photoanodes by phosphidating indium films prepared via doctor blade coating on ITO substrates, using NaH2PO2 as a phosphorus source. Structural and spectroscopic analyses (XRD, Raman, XPS, PL) confirmed the successful formation of crystalline InP with optimum quality at 425 °C. Photoelectrochemical measurements revealed a significant photocurrent density of 1.8 mA·cm−2 under AM 1.5 illumination, with extended photoresponse into the near-infrared region. Mott–Schottky and EIS analyses indicated efficient charge separation, low transfer resistance, and unintentional n-type doping due to Sn diffusion from the ITO substrate. This facile and green synthesis route not only provides a scalable approach to III–V semiconductors but also highlights InP thin films as cost-effective and efficient photoanodes for sustainable solar hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano15201544
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indium phosphide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photocathodes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clean energy
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      – SubjectFull: Photoelectrochemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainable chemistry
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      – TitleFull: Facile Green Synthesis of N-Type InP Thin-Film Photoanodes with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance for Solar Hydrogen Generation.
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            NameFull: Chen, Ying-Chu
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            NameFull: Lin, Heng-Yi
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            – D: 15
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              Text: Oct2025
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