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Enhanced Killing of Colon Cancer Cells by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Ellagic Acid.

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Title: Enhanced Killing of Colon Cancer Cells by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Ellagic Acid.
Authors: AbouAitah, Khaled1,2 (AUTHOR), Nassrallah, Amr2,3,4 (AUTHOR), Soliman, Ahmed A. F.3,5 (AUTHOR), Swiderska-Sroda, Anna4,6 (AUTHOR), Chudoba, Tadeusz5,6 (AUTHOR), Smalc-Koziorowska, Julita6,7 (AUTHOR), Kim, Beom Soo1,7 (AUTHOR), Łojkowski, Witold1,6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Oct2025, Vol. 15 Issue 20, p1547. 25p.
Subjects: Colon cancer, Ellagic acid, Protein-tyrosine kinases, Caspases, Antineoplastic agents, Mesoporous silica, Nanocapsules, Apoptosis
Abstract: Background: Natural compounds, including ellagic acid (ELG), are promising anticancer agents with low adverse effects. In this paper, we test in vitro the effectiveness of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as an ELG carrier against colon cancer. Methods: We produced MSNs functionalized with triptycene (TRP) and loaded with ELG, further called MSNTRPELG nanoformulation. The nanoformulation contained over 11 wt.% TRP and approximately 25 wt.% ELG in the mesoporous structure and on the surface of particles. It was assessed for anticancer effects against two colon cancer cells: HCT-116 and HT-29 for treatment with up to 200 µM. Results: Comparing to free ELG, we have shown a three times higher cancer inhibition. The lowest IC50 values were for HCT-116 (88.1 ± 0.1 µM) and HT-29 (77.6 ± 0.1 µM). When treated with free ELG, the values were 187.1 ± 0.1 µM and 300.0 ± 0.1 µM, respectively. MSNTRPELG enhanced apoptosis primarily by activating caspase-3, p53, and Bax while downregulating Bcl-2 in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. It also inhibited receptor tyrosine kinases (HER2 and VEGFR2). Preliminary Western blot observations suggest suppression of B-RAF, C-RAF, and K-RAS oncogenes, with stronger inhibition by the nanoformulation than by free ELG. Conclusions: This work highlights the potential of MSNs to enhance the efficacy of natural prodrugs, particularly ELG, in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Enhanced Killing of Colon Cancer Cells by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Ellagic Acid.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22AbouAitah%2C+Khaled%22">AbouAitah, Khaled</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nassrallah%2C+Amr%22">Nassrallah, Amr</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soliman%2C+Ahmed+A%2E+F%2E%22">Soliman, Ahmed A. F.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Swiderska-Sroda%2C+Anna%22">Swiderska-Sroda, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>4,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chudoba%2C+Tadeusz%22">Chudoba, Tadeusz</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smalc-Koziorowska%2C+Julita%22">Smalc-Koziorowska, Julita</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Beom+Soo%22">Kim, Beom Soo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Łojkowski%2C+Witold%22">Łojkowski, Witold</searchLink><relatesTo>1,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 15 Issue 20, p1547. 25p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Colon+cancer%22">Colon cancer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ellagic+acid%22">Ellagic acid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protein-tyrosine+kinases%22">Protein-tyrosine kinases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Caspases%22">Caspases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antineoplastic+agents%22">Antineoplastic agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mesoporous+silica%22">Mesoporous silica</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanocapsules%22">Nanocapsules</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Apoptosis%22">Apoptosis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Natural compounds, including ellagic acid (ELG), are promising anticancer agents with low adverse effects. In this paper, we test in vitro the effectiveness of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as an ELG carrier against colon cancer. Methods: We produced MSNs functionalized with triptycene (TRP) and loaded with ELG, further called MSNTRPELG nanoformulation. The nanoformulation contained over 11 wt.% TRP and approximately 25 wt.% ELG in the mesoporous structure and on the surface of particles. It was assessed for anticancer effects against two colon cancer cells: HCT-116 and HT-29 for treatment with up to 200 µM. Results: Comparing to free ELG, we have shown a three times higher cancer inhibition. The lowest IC50 values were for HCT-116 (88.1 ± 0.1 µM) and HT-29 (77.6 ± 0.1 µM). When treated with free ELG, the values were 187.1 ± 0.1 µM and 300.0 ± 0.1 µM, respectively. MSNTRPELG enhanced apoptosis primarily by activating caspase-3, p53, and Bax while downregulating Bcl-2 in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. It also inhibited receptor tyrosine kinases (HER2 and VEGFR2). Preliminary Western blot observations suggest suppression of B-RAF, C-RAF, and K-RAS oncogenes, with stronger inhibition by the nanoformulation than by free ELG. Conclusions: This work highlights the potential of MSNs to enhance the efficacy of natural prodrugs, particularly ELG, in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano15201547
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 1547
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Colon cancer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ellagic acid
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Protein-tyrosine kinases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Caspases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antineoplastic agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mesoporous silica
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanocapsules
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Apoptosis
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      – TitleFull: Enhanced Killing of Colon Cancer Cells by Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Ellagic Acid.
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              Text: Oct2025
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