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Flux-Dependent Superconducting Diode Effect in an Aharonov–Bohm Interferometer.

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Title: Flux-Dependent Superconducting Diode Effect in an Aharonov–Bohm Interferometer.
Authors: Gao, Yu-Mei1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Hao-Yuan2 (AUTHOR), Chi, Feng1 (AUTHOR) chifeng@semi.ac.cn, Yi, Zi-Chuan1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Li-Ming1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 20, p4670. 12p.
Subjects: Magnetic flux, Quantum interference, Critical currents, Bound states, Quantum electronics, Interferometers, Quantum dot devices, Nanotechnology
Abstract: We theoretically investigate the supercurrent and superconducting diode effect (SDE) in an Aharonov–Bohm (AB) interferometer sandwiched between two aluminium-based superconducting leads. The interferometer features a quantum dot (QD), which is created in an indium arsenide (InAs) semiconductor nanowire by local electrostatic gating, inserted in one of its arms and a magnetic flux threading through the ring structure. The magnetic flux breaks the system time-reversal symmetry by modulating the quantum phase difference between electronic transport through the QD path and the direct arm, which enhances constructive interference in one direction and destructive interference in the other. This leads to a discrepancy between the magnitudes of the forward and reverse critical supercurrents and is the core mechanism that induces the SDE. We demonstrate that the critical supercurrents exhibit Fano line shapes arising from the interference between discrete Andreev bound states in the QD and continuous states in the direct arm. It is found that when electron transport is dominated by the QD-containing path as compared to the direct arm path of the interferometer, the diode efficiency reaches a maximum, with values as high as 80%. In contrast, when the direct arm path dominates transport, the diode efficiency becomes weak. This attenuation is attributed to the participation of higher-order quantum interference processes, which disrupt the nonreciprocal supercurrent balance. Importantly, the proposed AB interferometer system has a relatively simple structure, and the realization of the SDE within it is feasible using current nano-fabrication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Flux-Dependent Superconducting Diode Effect in an Aharonov–Bohm Interferometer.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Yu-Mei%22">Gao, Yu-Mei</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Hao-Yuan%22">Yang, Hao-Yuan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chi%2C+Feng%22">Chi, Feng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> chifeng@semi.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yi%2C+Zi-Chuan%22">Yi, Zi-Chuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Li-Ming%22">Liu, Li-Ming</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 20, p4670. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+flux%22">Magnetic flux</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+interference%22">Quantum interference</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Critical+currents%22">Critical currents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bound+states%22">Bound states</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+electronics%22">Quantum electronics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interferometers%22">Interferometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+dot+devices%22">Quantum dot devices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanotechnology%22">Nanotechnology</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: We theoretically investigate the supercurrent and superconducting diode effect (SDE) in an Aharonov–Bohm (AB) interferometer sandwiched between two aluminium-based superconducting leads. The interferometer features a quantum dot (QD), which is created in an indium arsenide (InAs) semiconductor nanowire by local electrostatic gating, inserted in one of its arms and a magnetic flux threading through the ring structure. The magnetic flux breaks the system time-reversal symmetry by modulating the quantum phase difference between electronic transport through the QD path and the direct arm, which enhances constructive interference in one direction and destructive interference in the other. This leads to a discrepancy between the magnitudes of the forward and reverse critical supercurrents and is the core mechanism that induces the SDE. We demonstrate that the critical supercurrents exhibit Fano line shapes arising from the interference between discrete Andreev bound states in the QD and continuous states in the direct arm. It is found that when electron transport is dominated by the QD-containing path as compared to the direct arm path of the interferometer, the diode efficiency reaches a maximum, with values as high as 80%. In contrast, when the direct arm path dominates transport, the diode efficiency becomes weak. This attenuation is attributed to the participation of higher-order quantum interference processes, which disrupt the nonreciprocal supercurrent balance. Importantly, the proposed AB interferometer system has a relatively simple structure, and the realization of the SDE within it is feasible using current nano-fabrication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma18204670
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantum interference
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      – SubjectFull: Critical currents
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      – SubjectFull: Bound states
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      – SubjectFull: Quantum electronics
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      – SubjectFull: Interferometers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantum dot devices
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanotechnology
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      – TitleFull: Flux-Dependent Superconducting Diode Effect in an Aharonov–Bohm Interferometer.
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            NameFull: Gao, Yu-Mei
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              Text: Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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