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Synthesis of DHTA-Modified Poly(Epoxysuccinic Acid) and Scale Inhibition of Fluoride Scale.

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Title: Synthesis of DHTA-Modified Poly(Epoxysuccinic Acid) and Scale Inhibition of Fluoride Scale.
Authors: Zhang, Yihao1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Bo2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Xiaolong1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Chunxia3 (AUTHOR), Qin, Zhe3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Zixue3 (AUTHOR), Lu, Da3 (AUTHOR) hdluda@163.com
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 20, p4701. 19p.
Subjects: Calcium fluoride, Crystal growth, Crystallization kinetics, Reverse osmosis, Polymers, Membrane filter fouling
Abstract: To alleviate CaF2 scaling on reverse osmosis membranes, polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) was modified with 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHTA) to obtain DHTA-PESA. Its structure and thermal stability were confirmed through characterization. Scale inhibition performance was evaluated using static and dynamic experiments. Results showed that in static tests, at a dosage of 200 mg/L, DHTA-PESA achieved a CaF2 scale inhibition rate of nearly 100%, demonstrating Ca2+ chelation ability and the capacity to prolong crystallization induction time. In dynamic experiments, indicating superior CaF2 dispersion performance and effective mitigation of membrane fouling. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that DHTA-PESA induces irregular growth of CaF2 crystals, disrupting their formation and altering crystal morphology. The primary scale inhibition mechanisms include dispersion, lattice distortion, and chelation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 189028637
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Synthesis of DHTA-Modified Poly(Epoxysuccinic Acid) and Scale Inhibition of Fluoride Scale.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yihao%22">Zhang, Yihao</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Bo%22">Liu, Bo</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Xiaolong%22">Zhu, Xiaolong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Chunxia%22">Zhao, Chunxia</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qin%2C+Zhe%22">Qin, Zhe</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zixue%22">Liu, Zixue</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Da%22">Lu, Da</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hdluda@163.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 20, p4701. 19p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcium+fluoride%22">Calcium fluoride</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystal+growth%22">Crystal growth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystallization+kinetics%22">Crystallization kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reverse+osmosis%22">Reverse osmosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymers%22">Polymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Membrane+filter+fouling%22">Membrane filter fouling</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To alleviate CaF2 scaling on reverse osmosis membranes, polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) was modified with 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHTA) to obtain DHTA-PESA. Its structure and thermal stability were confirmed through characterization. Scale inhibition performance was evaluated using static and dynamic experiments. Results showed that in static tests, at a dosage of 200 mg/L, DHTA-PESA achieved a CaF2 scale inhibition rate of nearly 100%, demonstrating Ca2+ chelation ability and the capacity to prolong crystallization induction time. In dynamic experiments, indicating superior CaF2 dispersion performance and effective mitigation of membrane fouling. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that DHTA-PESA induces irregular growth of CaF2 crystals, disrupting their formation and altering crystal morphology. The primary scale inhibition mechanisms include dispersion, lattice distortion, and chelation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma18204701
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 4701
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Calcium fluoride
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystal growth
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystallization kinetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reverse osmosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Membrane filter fouling
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Synthesis of DHTA-Modified Poly(Epoxysuccinic Acid) and Scale Inhibition of Fluoride Scale.
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Yihao
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            NameFull: Liu, Bo
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            NameFull: Zhu, Xiaolong
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            NameFull: Zhao, Chunxia
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            NameFull: Qin, Zhe
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            NameFull: Liu, Zixue
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            – D: 15
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 18
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              Value: 20
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