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Experimental Verification of Calcite Formation Potential by Ureolytic and Non-Ureolytic Bacterial Strains in Geopolymer Mortar.

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Title: Experimental Verification of Calcite Formation Potential by Ureolytic and Non-Ureolytic Bacterial Strains in Geopolymer Mortar.
Authors: Al Hayo, Bashar1 (AUTHOR) bashar.hayo@std.yildiz.edu.tr, Canpolat, Orhan1,2 (AUTHOR), Doğruöz Güngör, Nihal2,3 (AUTHOR), Uysal, Mücteba1 (AUTHOR), Ahamada Rachid, Nahdhoit2,3 (AUTHOR), Ali, Issam1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 20, p4795. 29p.
Subjects: Calcite, Self-healing materials, Bacterial leaching, In situ microanalysis, Bacteria, Sustainable construction, Construction materials, Microbial cultures
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the calcite precipitation potential of non-ureolytic bacterial strains of two species, Viridibacillus arenosi (A6) and Bacillus zhangzhouensis (D25), as compared to the known ureolytic bacterial strain, Sporosarcina pasteurii (SP), within geopolymer mortar. Tests were carried out after 56 days of injection treatment to confirm the precipitation process, incorporating healing efficiency measured by ImageJ software, recovery of UPV, water permeability, capillary water absorption, and microstructural and mineralogical analysis SEM/EDS and XRD. The non-ureolytic isolates D25 and A6 showed the highest healing efficiencies, at 96.9% and 91.9%, respectively, followed by the ureolytic bacteria SP at 77.8%. A6 exhibited the most substantial reduction in permeability at 97.3%, indicating extensive crack healing, followed by D25 at 92.9% and SP at 82.1%. Furthermore, SEM and EDS analyses confirmed the formation of calcite crystals and calcium depositions in the bacteria-treated samples. Complementary evidence was provided by XRD, which revealed distinct calcium carbonate peaks in the treated specimens, peaks that were entirely absent in the control samples, thus strongly confirming the role of bacterial activity in the precipitation process. The results confirm that non-ureolytic bacteria can efficiently boost calcite precipitation in geopolymer mortars, offering superior healing performance and a more sustainable alternative to ureolytic strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Experimental Verification of Calcite Formation Potential by Ureolytic and Non-Ureolytic Bacterial Strains in Geopolymer Mortar.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Al+Hayo%2C+Bashar%22">Al Hayo, Bashar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> bashar.hayo@std.yildiz.edu.tr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Canpolat%2C+Orhan%22">Canpolat, Orhan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doğruöz+Güngör%2C+Nihal%22">Doğruöz Güngör, Nihal</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Uysal%2C+Mücteba%22">Uysal, Mücteba</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahamada+Rachid%2C+Nahdhoit%22">Ahamada Rachid, Nahdhoit</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali%2C+Issam%22">Ali, Issam</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 18 Issue 20, p4795. 29p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calcite%22">Calcite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-healing+materials%22">Self-healing materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bacterial+leaching%22">Bacterial leaching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22In+situ+microanalysis%22">In situ microanalysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bacteria%22">Bacteria</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+construction%22">Sustainable construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Construction+materials%22">Construction materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+cultures%22">Microbial cultures</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study aimed to examine the calcite precipitation potential of non-ureolytic bacterial strains of two species, Viridibacillus arenosi (A6) and Bacillus zhangzhouensis (D25), as compared to the known ureolytic bacterial strain, Sporosarcina pasteurii (SP), within geopolymer mortar. Tests were carried out after 56 days of injection treatment to confirm the precipitation process, incorporating healing efficiency measured by ImageJ software, recovery of UPV, water permeability, capillary water absorption, and microstructural and mineralogical analysis SEM/EDS and XRD. The non-ureolytic isolates D25 and A6 showed the highest healing efficiencies, at 96.9% and 91.9%, respectively, followed by the ureolytic bacteria SP at 77.8%. A6 exhibited the most substantial reduction in permeability at 97.3%, indicating extensive crack healing, followed by D25 at 92.9% and SP at 82.1%. Furthermore, SEM and EDS analyses confirmed the formation of calcite crystals and calcium depositions in the bacteria-treated samples. Complementary evidence was provided by XRD, which revealed distinct calcium carbonate peaks in the treated specimens, peaks that were entirely absent in the control samples, thus strongly confirming the role of bacterial activity in the precipitation process. The results confirm that non-ureolytic bacteria can efficiently boost calcite precipitation in geopolymer mortars, offering superior healing performance and a more sustainable alternative to ureolytic strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/ma18204795
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 29
        StartPage: 4795
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Calcite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-healing materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacterial leaching
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: In situ microanalysis
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      – SubjectFull: Bacteria
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainable construction
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      – SubjectFull: Construction materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microbial cultures
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Experimental Verification of Calcite Formation Potential by Ureolytic and Non-Ureolytic Bacterial Strains in Geopolymer Mortar.
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            NameFull: Al Hayo, Bashar
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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