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A multi-estuary assessment of pharmaceutical exposure and risk of pharmacological effects in a recreational fishery.

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Title: A multi-estuary assessment of pharmaceutical exposure and risk of pharmacological effects in a recreational fishery.
Authors: Rehage, Jennifer S1 (AUTHOR) rehagej@fiu.edu, Castillo, Nicholas A1 (AUTHOR), Distrubell, Andy2 (AUTHOR), Trabelsi, Shakira1 (AUTHOR), Santos, Rolando O3 (AUTHOR), James, W Ryan1 (AUTHOR), Rezek, Ryan J4 (AUTHOR), Cerveny, Daniel5,6 (AUTHOR), Boucek, Ross E7 (AUTHOR), Adams, Aaron J7,8 (AUTHOR), Fick, Jerker9 (AUTHOR), Brodin, Tomas6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. Oct2025, Vol. 44 Issue 10, p2832-2847. 16p.
Subjects: Red drum (Fish), Environmental toxicology, Fisheries, Estuaries, Chemical safety, Emerging contaminants, Fishing, Marine ecology
Geographic Terms: Florida, Gulf Coast (U.S.), United States
Abstract: Evidence of coastal and marine pharmaceutical pollution is increasing, yet most studies examining pharmaceuticals are conducted in temperate regions, while research in subtropical and tropical regions lags behind. These studies have been conducted at small spatial scales, with a need for larger spatial assessments. We examined pharmaceutical occurrence and pharmacological risk for 94 pharmaceuticals in a coastal recreational fish, the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), across nine Florida (USA) estuaries. To evaluate risk of pharmacological effects, we compared plasma concentrations to the one-third human therapeutic plasma concentration (1/3 HTPC) and to the full HTPC. Pharmaceuticals were detected in all estuaries and in 93% of plasma samples analyzed, with an average of 2.1 pharmaceuticals per red drum. A total of 17 pharmaceuticals were detected, and dissimilarity in the pharmaceutical assemblage across estuaries was high. Cardiovascular medications, opioid pain relievers, and psychoactive medications accounted for 90.6% of detections. For pharmacological effects, we observed medium risk in 25.7% and high risk in 15.9% of the red drum sampled. Of the 17 pharmaceuticals detected, five were observed at concentrations above the 1/3 HTPC, with a psychoactive pharmaceutical (flupentixol) showing the highest pharmacological risk. Across estuaries, risk of pharmacological effects was observed in five of nine estuaries, with 33%–60% of the red drum above the 1/3 HTPC threshold, whereas risk was minimal in the other four estuaries (only 0%–7% exceedances). Pharmacological risk was highest on the west coast of Florida and in both large and densely-populated watersheds, as well as small and sparsely populated ones. Our findings highlight the need expand beyond documenting occurrence to estimating toxicological risk, the value of assessing internal concentrations in wild biota, and the importance of expanding the diversity of biota used in pharmaceutical studies to account for pharmacological effects in conservation and management actions, such as recreational fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: A multi-estuary assessment of pharmaceutical exposure and risk of pharmacological effects in a recreational fishery.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rehage%2C+Jennifer+S%22">Rehage, Jennifer S</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rehagej@fiu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castillo%2C+Nicholas+A%22">Castillo, Nicholas A</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Distrubell%2C+Andy%22">Distrubell, Andy</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trabelsi%2C+Shakira%22">Trabelsi, Shakira</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Santos%2C+Rolando+O%22">Santos, Rolando O</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22James%2C+W+Ryan%22">James, W Ryan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rezek%2C+Ryan+J%22">Rezek, Ryan J</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cerveny%2C+Daniel%22">Cerveny, Daniel</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boucek%2C+Ross+E%22">Boucek, Ross E</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adams%2C+Aaron+J%22">Adams, Aaron J</searchLink><relatesTo>7,8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fick%2C+Jerker%22">Fick, Jerker</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brodin%2C+Tomas%22">Brodin, Tomas</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Toxicology+%26+Chemistry%22">Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry</searchLink>. Oct2025, Vol. 44 Issue 10, p2832-2847. 16p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Red+drum+%28Fish%29%22">Red drum (Fish)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+toxicology%22">Environmental toxicology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fisheries%22">Fisheries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Estuaries%22">Estuaries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+safety%22">Chemical safety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emerging+contaminants%22">Emerging contaminants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fishing%22">Fishing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marine+ecology%22">Marine ecology</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Florida%22">Florida</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gulf+Coast+%28U%2ES%2E%29%22">Gulf Coast (U.S.)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Evidence of coastal and marine pharmaceutical pollution is increasing, yet most studies examining pharmaceuticals are conducted in temperate regions, while research in subtropical and tropical regions lags behind. These studies have been conducted at small spatial scales, with a need for larger spatial assessments. We examined pharmaceutical occurrence and pharmacological risk for 94 pharmaceuticals in a coastal recreational fish, the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), across nine Florida (USA) estuaries. To evaluate risk of pharmacological effects, we compared plasma concentrations to the one-third human therapeutic plasma concentration (1/3 HTPC) and to the full HTPC. Pharmaceuticals were detected in all estuaries and in 93% of plasma samples analyzed, with an average of 2.1 pharmaceuticals per red drum. A total of 17 pharmaceuticals were detected, and dissimilarity in the pharmaceutical assemblage across estuaries was high. Cardiovascular medications, opioid pain relievers, and psychoactive medications accounted for 90.6% of detections. For pharmacological effects, we observed medium risk in 25.7% and high risk in 15.9% of the red drum sampled. Of the 17 pharmaceuticals detected, five were observed at concentrations above the 1/3 HTPC, with a psychoactive pharmaceutical (flupentixol) showing the highest pharmacological risk. Across estuaries, risk of pharmacological effects was observed in five of nine estuaries, with 33%–60% of the red drum above the 1/3 HTPC threshold, whereas risk was minimal in the other four estuaries (only 0%–7% exceedances). Pharmacological risk was highest on the west coast of Florida and in both large and densely-populated watersheds, as well as small and sparsely populated ones. Our findings highlight the need expand beyond documenting occurrence to estimating toxicological risk, the value of assessing internal concentrations in wild biota, and the importance of expanding the diversity of biota used in pharmaceutical studies to account for pharmacological effects in conservation and management actions, such as recreational fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/etojnl/vgaf125
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 2832
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Red drum (Fish)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental toxicology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fisheries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Estuaries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical safety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emerging contaminants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fishing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Florida
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gulf Coast (U.S.)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
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              Text: Oct2025
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