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A digermylene (LGeI–GeIL) on an N-heterocyclic carbene–fluorenyl hybrid ligand (L) and its oxidation by TEMPO and Ph2E2 (E = S, Se).

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Title: A digermylene (LGeI–GeIL) on an N-heterocyclic carbene–fluorenyl hybrid ligand (L) and its oxidation by TEMPO and Ph2E2 (E = S, Se).
Authors: Mondal, Sumana1 (AUTHOR), Sarkar, Subham1,2 (AUTHOR), Mandal, Chhotan1 (AUTHOR), Mallick, Dibyendu2 (AUTHOR) dibyendu.chem@presiuniv.ac.in, Mukherjee, Debabrata1 (AUTHOR) d.mukherjee@iiserkol.ac.in
Source: Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 11/21/2025, Vol. 54 Issue 43, p16006-16013. 8p.
Subjects: Oxidation, Germanium compounds, Chemical species, Carbenes, Fluorene compounds, Oxidizing agents
Abstract: A hybrid N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–fluorenyl ligand (L) supported GeIICl complex ([LGeCl]; 1) has been made from GeCl2(dioxane) and [LK]n. Compound 1 is reduced by Jones' Mg I2 dimer [(MesNacnacMg)2] (MesNacnac = [{(Mes)NCMe}2CH]−; Mes = 2,4,6-Me3-C6H2) to give the digermylene [LGeI–GeIL] (2) with a gauche-bent conformation. Compound 2 is oxidized by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) and Ph2E2 (E = S, Se) to give [LGe(TEMPO)] (3) and [LGeEPh] (E = S (4), Se (5)), respectively. Overoxidation of 2 by Ph2Se2 to give a mixed-valent trinuclear species [{(PhSe)2GeII}2(μ-L)2GeIV(SePh)2] (6) is also noted. Besides, precursor 1 is converted into [LGeMe] (7) and [LGeOSiPh3] (8) by treating it with MeMgBr and KOSiPh3, respectively. However, none of these compounds leads to a desired [LGeH] species. Also, interestingly, Cl-abstraction from 1 by AgSbF6 fails and it rather forms a 2 : 1 adduct [(LGeCl)2Ag][SbF6] (9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A digermylene (LGe<superscript>I</superscript>–Ge<superscript>I</superscript>L) on an N-heterocyclic carbene–fluorenyl hybrid ligand (L) and its oxidation by TEMPO and Ph<subscript>2</subscript>E<subscript>2</subscript> (E = S, Se).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mondal%2C+Sumana%22">Mondal, Sumana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarkar%2C+Subham%22">Sarkar, Subham</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mandal%2C+Chhotan%22">Mandal, Chhotan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mallick%2C+Dibyendu%22">Mallick, Dibyendu</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dibyendu.chem@presiuniv.ac.in</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mukherjee%2C+Debabrata%22">Mukherjee, Debabrata</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> d.mukherjee@iiserkol.ac.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Dalton+Transactions%3A+An+International+Journal+of+Inorganic+Chemistry%22">Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry</searchLink>. 11/21/2025, Vol. 54 Issue 43, p16006-16013. 8p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidation%22">Oxidation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Germanium+compounds%22">Germanium compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+species%22">Chemical species</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbenes%22">Carbenes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluorene+compounds%22">Fluorene compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidizing+agents%22">Oxidizing agents</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: A hybrid N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–fluorenyl ligand (L) supported GeIICl complex ([LGeCl]; 1) has been made from GeCl2(dioxane) and [LK]n. Compound 1 is reduced by Jones' Mg I2 dimer [(MesNacnacMg)2] (MesNacnac = [{(Mes)NCMe}2CH]−; Mes = 2,4,6-Me3-C6H2) to give the digermylene [LGeI–GeIL] (2) with a gauche-bent conformation. Compound 2 is oxidized by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) and Ph2E2 (E = S, Se) to give [LGe(TEMPO)] (3) and [LGeEPh] (E = S (4), Se (5)), respectively. Overoxidation of 2 by Ph2Se2 to give a mixed-valent trinuclear species [{(PhSe)2GeII}2(μ-L)2GeIV(SePh)2] (6) is also noted. Besides, precursor 1 is converted into [LGeMe] (7) and [LGeOSiPh3] (8) by treating it with MeMgBr and KOSiPh3, respectively. However, none of these compounds leads to a desired [LGeH] species. Also, interestingly, Cl-abstraction from 1 by AgSbF6 fails and it rather forms a 2 : 1 adduct [(LGeCl)2Ag][SbF6] (9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1039/d5dt02074c
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 16006
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Oxidation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Germanium compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical species
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbenes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fluorene compounds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxidizing agents
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A digermylene (LGeI–GeIL) on an N-heterocyclic carbene–fluorenyl hybrid ligand (L) and its oxidation by TEMPO and Ph2E2 (E = S, Se).
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          Name:
            NameFull: Mondal, Sumana
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            NameFull: Sarkar, Subham
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            NameFull: Mandal, Chhotan
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            NameFull: Mallick, Dibyendu
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            NameFull: Mukherjee, Debabrata
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            – D: 21
              M: 11
              Text: 11/21/2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 54
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              Value: 43
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            – TitleFull: Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
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