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Demarcation problems in law and neurotechnology: persons, cyborgs and neurohackers.

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Title: Demarcation problems in law and neurotechnology: persons, cyborgs and neurohackers.
Authors: Deibel, Talya1 (AUTHOR) tdeibel@ucc.ie
Source: International Review of Law, Computers & Technology. Nov2025, Vol. 39 Issue 3, p406-425. 20p.
Subjects: Neurotechnology (Bioengineering), Cyborgs, Applicable laws, Digital technology, Legal procedure, Computer hackers, Personality (Theory of knowledge)
Abstract: Technology creates demarcation problems for law, with legal agents existing in a constant state of in-betweenness. Digital and biotechnologies challenge legal definitions by changing our understanding of what constitutes a 'person' and what constitutes a 'thing'. This similarly affects the boundaries between inner–outer, personhood–property, and subject–object distinctions. The result is a plethora of legal problems, as modern European private law theories are built upon these dualisms. For instance, the integration of technology with human minds disturbs the liberal foundations of personhood. Human–machine interactions challenge our concept of self, as technology becomes integral to both personal identity and how individuals experience the world. Traditional understandings of personality, property, privacy, and freedom prove inadequate when confronted with liminal categories such as human–machine symbioses and the figure of the 'hacker'. However, this challenge is not unprecedented; European legal history offers numerous examples demonstrating that these boundaries were never truly stable. A key illustration is found in Roman law, where jurists developed a hybrid conception of subjectivity to address the practical legal problems of their era. This paper therefore examines neurotechnology, with particular attention to the figure of the hacker, to analyse the ontology of modern boundaries in private law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Review of Law, Computers & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Demarcation problems in law and neurotechnology: persons, cyborgs and neurohackers.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurotechnology+%28Bioengineering%29%22">Neurotechnology (Bioengineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyborgs%22">Cyborgs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Applicable+laws%22">Applicable laws</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+technology%22">Digital technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Legal+procedure%22">Legal procedure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+hackers%22">Computer hackers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personality+%28Theory+of+knowledge%29%22">Personality (Theory of knowledge)</searchLink>
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  Data: Technology creates demarcation problems for law, with legal agents existing in a constant state of in-betweenness. Digital and biotechnologies challenge legal definitions by changing our understanding of what constitutes a 'person' and what constitutes a 'thing'. This similarly affects the boundaries between inner–outer, personhood–property, and subject–object distinctions. The result is a plethora of legal problems, as modern European private law theories are built upon these dualisms. For instance, the integration of technology with human minds disturbs the liberal foundations of personhood. Human–machine interactions challenge our concept of self, as technology becomes integral to both personal identity and how individuals experience the world. Traditional understandings of personality, property, privacy, and freedom prove inadequate when confronted with liminal categories such as human–machine symbioses and the figure of the 'hacker'. However, this challenge is not unprecedented; European legal history offers numerous examples demonstrating that these boundaries were never truly stable. A key illustration is found in Roman law, where jurists developed a hybrid conception of subjectivity to address the practical legal problems of their era. This paper therefore examines neurotechnology, with particular attention to the figure of the hacker, to analyse the ontology of modern boundaries in private law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Review of Law, Computers & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/13600869.2025.2464504
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 406
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      – SubjectFull: Neurotechnology (Bioengineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cyborgs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Applicable laws
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      – SubjectFull: Digital technology
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      – SubjectFull: Legal procedure
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      – SubjectFull: Computer hackers
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      – SubjectFull: Personality (Theory of knowledge)
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              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
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              Y: 2025
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