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Plant phenotypic adjustments in response to changes in atmospheric pCO2: insights from δ13C values and stomatal index in C3 plant leaves.

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Title: Plant phenotypic adjustments in response to changes in atmospheric pCO2: insights from δ13C values and stomatal index in C3 plant leaves.
Authors: Kumar, Mohan1,2 (AUTHOR), Agrawal, Shailesh1 (AUTHOR) as.shail@gmail.com, Sarangi, Vijayananda3 (AUTHOR), Farooqui, Anjum1 (AUTHOR), Singh, Priyanka1 (AUTHOR), Ali, Sheikh Nawaz1 (AUTHOR), Morthekai, P.1 (AUTHOR), Tripathi, Deepika1,4 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Anurag1 (AUTHOR), Khan, Salman1 (AUTHOR), Sharma, Anupam1 (AUTHOR), Singh, Dhruv Sen2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Isotopes in Environmental & Health Studies. Dec2025, Vol. 61 Issue 6, p600-616. 17p.
Subjects: Atmospheric carbon dioxide, Carbon isotopes, Plant-water relationships, Carbon sequestration, Plant adaptation
Abstract: The commencement of the Industrial Revolution has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2). It is, therefore, important to understand how plant communities respond to increased levels of CO2 levels in the environment. To this end, we examined the effects of spatial variation in pCO2 on plant physiology using carbon isotope ratios (δ13C values) and stomatal index (SI) in C3 plant leaves along a transect from the central Ganga Plain to the foothills of the Himalayas with industrial and non-industrial zones. Our study shows that the plants adjacent to the industrial areas have much lower δ13C values (avg. −31.8 ‰) and absorbed more fossil fuel-derived carbon (ca. 18 %) than those growing in non-industrial areas (−28.3 ‰). We also observed ca. 25 % lower SI values from the industrial area, suggesting that the increase in CO2 concentration (for a given water budget) led to high photosynthetic rates with low stomatal conductivity. Therefore, a long-term increase in pCO2 would lead to higher water-use efficiency in C3 plants, which would allow them to function better in low moisture conditions. We also suggest that the δ13C and SI values can be used for mapping carbon sequestration by plants growing in industrialized regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Isotopes in Environmental & Health Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Plant phenotypic adjustments in response to changes in atmospheric pCO<subscript>2</subscript>: insights from δ<superscript>13</superscript>C values and stomatal index in C<subscript>3</subscript> plant leaves.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Mohan%22">Kumar, Mohan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Agrawal%2C+Shailesh%22">Agrawal, Shailesh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> as.shail@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarangi%2C+Vijayananda%22">Sarangi, Vijayananda</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Farooqui%2C+Anjum%22">Farooqui, Anjum</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Priyanka%22">Singh, Priyanka</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali%2C+Sheikh+Nawaz%22">Ali, Sheikh Nawaz</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morthekai%2C+P%2E%22">Morthekai, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tripathi%2C+Deepika%22">Tripathi, Deepika</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kumar%2C+Anurag%22">Kumar, Anurag</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khan%2C+Salman%22">Khan, Salman</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sharma%2C+Anupam%22">Sharma, Anupam</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Singh%2C+Dhruv+Sen%22">Singh, Dhruv Sen</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Isotopes+in+Environmental+%26+Health+Studies%22">Isotopes in Environmental & Health Studies</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 61 Issue 6, p600-616. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+carbon+dioxide%22">Atmospheric carbon dioxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+isotopes%22">Carbon isotopes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant-water+relationships%22">Plant-water relationships</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+sequestration%22">Carbon sequestration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plant+adaptation%22">Plant adaptation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The commencement of the Industrial Revolution has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2). It is, therefore, important to understand how plant communities respond to increased levels of CO2 levels in the environment. To this end, we examined the effects of spatial variation in pCO2 on plant physiology using carbon isotope ratios (δ13C values) and stomatal index (SI) in C3 plant leaves along a transect from the central Ganga Plain to the foothills of the Himalayas with industrial and non-industrial zones. Our study shows that the plants adjacent to the industrial areas have much lower δ13C values (avg. −31.8 ‰) and absorbed more fossil fuel-derived carbon (ca. 18 %) than those growing in non-industrial areas (−28.3 ‰). We also observed ca. 25 % lower SI values from the industrial area, suggesting that the increase in CO2 concentration (for a given water budget) led to high photosynthetic rates with low stomatal conductivity. Therefore, a long-term increase in pCO2 would lead to higher water-use efficiency in C3 plants, which would allow them to function better in low moisture conditions. We also suggest that the δ13C and SI values can be used for mapping carbon sequestration by plants growing in industrialized regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Isotopes in Environmental & Health Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/10256016.2025.2536606
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 600
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric carbon dioxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbon isotopes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plant-water relationships
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      – SubjectFull: Carbon sequestration
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      – SubjectFull: Plant adaptation
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              Text: Dec2025
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