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Revealing, Modification and Influence of the Austenitic Grain Size on the Solid-state Transformations in Ductile Iron.

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Title: Revealing, Modification and Influence of the Austenitic Grain Size on the Solid-state Transformations in Ductile Iron.
Authors: Lanchas, M.1,2 (AUTHOR), Fernandino, D. O.1,2 (AUTHOR) dfernandino@fi.mdp.edu.ar, Massone, J.1,2 (AUTHOR), Boeri, R.1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Metalcasting. Nov2025, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p3378-3391. 14p.
Subjects: Solid-state phase transformations, Heat treatment, Austenitic steel, Microstructure, Grain refinement, Nodular iron
Abstract: This study focuses on the characterization of austenitic grain size and its influence on the solid-state transformations of ductile iron. A method for revealing the austenitic grain size was developed. Various grain sizes were achieved through heat treatments, and the hardenability of samples with different grain sizes was subsequently analyzed using the Jominy end quench test. The results show that an increase in the austenitization temperature leads to an increase in austenitic grain size, which is consistent with previous studies on other metallic materials. Longer holding time at an austenitization temperature also leads to larger grain sizes, although at elevated austenitization temperatures, the influence of time on grain size is less significant. In samples that showed a smaller austenite grain size at the beginning of the austenitization stage, obtained after a prior normalization heat treatment of the samples, the rate of increase in grain size as a function of temperature was smaller. This suggests that prior normalization heat treatment may protect ductile irons against grain growth during subsequent austenitization stages. The results of the Jominy tests and the observation of the microstructure along the Jominy samples showed that there is a significant influence of the grain size on the microstructure resulting after a given cooling rate. As expected, samples with the larger grain size exhibited better hardenability. These results emphasize the importance of accounting for the austenite grain size when calculating the microstructure of heat-treated ductile iron specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Metalcasting is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Revealing, Modification and Influence of the Austenitic Grain Size on the Solid-state Transformations in Ductile Iron.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Metalcasting%22">International Journal of Metalcasting</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p3378-3391. 14p.
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– Name: Abstract
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  Data: This study focuses on the characterization of austenitic grain size and its influence on the solid-state transformations of ductile iron. A method for revealing the austenitic grain size was developed. Various grain sizes were achieved through heat treatments, and the hardenability of samples with different grain sizes was subsequently analyzed using the Jominy end quench test. The results show that an increase in the austenitization temperature leads to an increase in austenitic grain size, which is consistent with previous studies on other metallic materials. Longer holding time at an austenitization temperature also leads to larger grain sizes, although at elevated austenitization temperatures, the influence of time on grain size is less significant. In samples that showed a smaller austenite grain size at the beginning of the austenitization stage, obtained after a prior normalization heat treatment of the samples, the rate of increase in grain size as a function of temperature was smaller. This suggests that prior normalization heat treatment may protect ductile irons against grain growth during subsequent austenitization stages. The results of the Jominy tests and the observation of the microstructure along the Jominy samples showed that there is a significant influence of the grain size on the microstructure resulting after a given cooling rate. As expected, samples with the larger grain size exhibited better hardenability. These results emphasize the importance of accounting for the austenite grain size when calculating the microstructure of heat-treated ductile iron specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Metalcasting is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Austenitic steel
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              Text: Nov2025
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