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Fine-Scale Upper-Ocean Variability in the Kuroshio Extension Region from the Wide-Swath SWOT Measurements.

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Title: Fine-Scale Upper-Ocean Variability in the Kuroshio Extension Region from the Wide-Swath SWOT Measurements.
Authors: Qiu, Bo1 (AUTHOR) bo@soest.hawaii.edu, Chen, Shuiming1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Physical Oceanography. Nov2025, Vol. 55 Issue 11, p2229-2242. 14p.
Subjects: Ocean dynamics, Ocean surface topography, Ocean turbulence, Vortex motion, Kinetic energy, Oceanographic observations, Ocean currents
Abstract: Fine-scale upper-ocean variability in the 15–150-km wavelength range within the Kuroshio Extension region is investigated using wide-swath sea surface height (SSH) data from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission spanning from August 2023 to December 2024. The regional SSH wavenumber spectrum in this fine-scale range follows largely the k−11/3 power law, indicative of control by surface quasigeostrophic dynamics. The fine-scale eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and strain signals exhibit a pronounced asymmetry with respect to the polarity of the large-mesoscale vorticity field, attributable to ageostrophic secondary circulations and the departure from balanced dynamics. Seasonally, the fine-scale EKE is enhanced from January to April, coinciding with winter mixed layer instability, and its spatial influence extends beyond the Kuroshio Extension jet into the broad interior ocean. We identify a transition scale between forward and inverse energy cascades at approximately 50 km—significantly smaller than the ∼150-km scale estimated from gridded nadir altimetry data. Temporally, the amplitude of the inverse cascade is modulated by the total regional EKE level, whereas the amplitude of the forward cascade is linked to the intensity of regions where A − S < 0, with A denoting absolute vorticity and S denoting the strain rate—a proxy for the breakdown of balanced dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Fine-Scale Upper-Ocean Variability in the Kuroshio Extension Region from the Wide-Swath SWOT Measurements.
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  Data: Fine-scale upper-ocean variability in the 15–150-km wavelength range within the Kuroshio Extension region is investigated using wide-swath sea surface height (SSH) data from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission spanning from August 2023 to December 2024. The regional SSH wavenumber spectrum in this fine-scale range follows largely the k−11/3 power law, indicative of control by surface quasigeostrophic dynamics. The fine-scale eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and strain signals exhibit a pronounced asymmetry with respect to the polarity of the large-mesoscale vorticity field, attributable to ageostrophic secondary circulations and the departure from balanced dynamics. Seasonally, the fine-scale EKE is enhanced from January to April, coinciding with winter mixed layer instability, and its spatial influence extends beyond the Kuroshio Extension jet into the broad interior ocean. We identify a transition scale between forward and inverse energy cascades at approximately 50 km—significantly smaller than the ∼150-km scale estimated from gridded nadir altimetry data. Temporally, the amplitude of the inverse cascade is modulated by the total regional EKE level, whereas the amplitude of the forward cascade is linked to the intensity of regions where A − S &lt; 0, with A denoting absolute vorticity and S denoting the strain rate—a proxy for the breakdown of balanced dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1175/JPO-D-25-0042.1
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 2229
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ocean dynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean surface topography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean turbulence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vortex motion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kinetic energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oceanographic observations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean currents
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Fine-Scale Upper-Ocean Variability in the Kuroshio Extension Region from the Wide-Swath SWOT Measurements.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Qiu, Bo
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          Name:
            NameFull: Chen, Shuiming
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 55
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              Value: 11
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Physical Oceanography
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