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Impact of non-magnetized plasma on the photon deflection and shadow of a Rastall spacetime in phantom field.

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Title: Impact of non-magnetized plasma on the photon deflection and shadow of a Rastall spacetime in phantom field.
Authors: Ali, Riasat1 (AUTHOR) riasatyasin@gmail.com, Tiecheng, Xia1,2 (AUTHOR) xiatc@shu.edu.cn, Awais, Muhammad3 (AUTHOR) awaiseducation@gmail.com, Babar, Rimsha4 (AUTHOR) rimsha.babar10@gmail.com
Source: Modern Physics Letters A. 12/20/2025, Vol. 40 Issue 38, p1-20. 20p.
Subjects: Black holes, Deflection (Light), Ray tracing, Plasma diffusion, Spacetime
Abstract: In this study, we investigate the photon deflection of spacetime in the phantom field using Rastall's theory. We suggest an infinite region method for Gibbons–Werner to avoid singularity in the integral region. The Rastall concept structure explores black hole spacetime in the phantom field. Furthermore, we examine the photon deflection of the black hole under the impact of non-magnetized plasma. In addition, we use a ray-tracing technique and the Hamiltonian formula to derive the effects of non-magnetized plasma on a black hole shadow. The light ray equations of motion are independent of the non-magnetized plasma's velocity. The non-magnetized plasma is considered a dispersive medium with a concentration of particles. The non-magnetized plasma descends radially to infinity onto the black hole, illuminating its shadow and showing radiation. We analyze how characteristics such as metric function parameters and non-magnetized plasma parameters affect the energy emission rate of black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Modern Physics Letters A is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Impact of non-magnetized plasma on the photon deflection and shadow of a Rastall spacetime in phantom field.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali%2C+Riasat%22">Ali, Riasat</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> riasatyasin@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tiecheng%2C+Xia%22">Tiecheng, Xia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xiatc@shu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Awais%2C+Muhammad%22">Awais, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> awaiseducation@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Babar%2C+Rimsha%22">Babar, Rimsha</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rimsha.babar10@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Modern+Physics+Letters+A%22">Modern Physics Letters A</searchLink>. 12/20/2025, Vol. 40 Issue 38, p1-20. 20p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Black+holes%22">Black holes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deflection+%28Light%29%22">Deflection (Light)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ray+tracing%22">Ray tracing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+diffusion%22">Plasma diffusion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spacetime%22">Spacetime</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In this study, we investigate the photon deflection of spacetime in the phantom field using Rastall's theory. We suggest an infinite region method for Gibbons–Werner to avoid singularity in the integral region. The Rastall concept structure explores black hole spacetime in the phantom field. Furthermore, we examine the photon deflection of the black hole under the impact of non-magnetized plasma. In addition, we use a ray-tracing technique and the Hamiltonian formula to derive the effects of non-magnetized plasma on a black hole shadow. The light ray equations of motion are independent of the non-magnetized plasma's velocity. The non-magnetized plasma is considered a dispersive medium with a concentration of particles. The non-magnetized plasma descends radially to infinity onto the black hole, illuminating its shadow and showing radiation. We analyze how characteristics such as metric function parameters and non-magnetized plasma parameters affect the energy emission rate of black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Modern Physics Letters A is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1142/S0217732325501937
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
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      – SubjectFull: Black holes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deflection (Light)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ray tracing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plasma diffusion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spacetime
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Impact of non-magnetized plasma on the photon deflection and shadow of a Rastall spacetime in phantom field.
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            NameFull: Ali, Riasat
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            NameFull: Tiecheng, Xia
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            NameFull: Awais, Muhammad
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            NameFull: Babar, Rimsha
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            – D: 20
              M: 12
              Text: 12/20/2025
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              Y: 2025
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