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Design of a Compact Slot Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Treatment in Noncentral Breast Cancer Therapy.

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Title: Design of a Compact Slot Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Treatment in Noncentral Breast Cancer Therapy.
Authors: Hemmati, Zahra1 (AUTHOR), Kazemi, Robab1 (AUTHOR) r.kazemi@tabrizu.ac.ir, Sharma, Madan Kumar1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Antennas & Propagation. 11/17/2025, Vol. 2025, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Breast cancer, Thermotherapy, Electromagnetic waves, Conformal antennas, Cancer treatment, Antenna design
Abstract: This paper presents a compact conformal antenna for breast cancer hyperthermia treatment. The design integrates two rectangular patches within a slot and a fork‐shaped feedline, achieving over 50% bandwidth. Its conformal geometry adapts to tissue contours, improving treatment efficiency. To optimize electromagnetic (EM) power delivery to tumors while reducing undesired back radiation toward the operator, the design incorporates a hemispherical reflector and a neoprene layer at the back of the antenna for effective reflection and absorption. Additionally, a water bolus is utilized between the antenna and the skin to prevent hotspot formation. Operating at 2.45 GHz, the antenna measures 18 × 12 mm (0.15λ0 × 0.1λ0), making it over 50% smaller than conventional patch antennas, and maintains stable performance despite tissue property variations. The antenna effectively targets deep‐seated tumors while minimizing skin heating. Its compactness supports array configurations for improved penetration and off‐center tumor targeting through phase control. Performance evaluation of single and multielement arrays—considering reflection coefficient, SAR, penetration depth (PD), effective field size (EFS), and time–temperature response—shows that the single element achieves a PD of 21.15 mm and EFS of ∼119 mm2. Arrays with 3, 5, and 7 elements further enhance PD and EFS, confirming the antenna's potential for efficient, localized, and safe hyperthermia therapy. By applying appropriate phase differences between array elements, tumors located up to 50° from the tissue center can be effectively treated without repositioning the applicator or patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Antennas & Propagation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Design of a Compact Slot Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Treatment in Noncentral Breast Cancer Therapy.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hemmati%2C+Zahra%22">Hemmati, Zahra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kazemi%2C+Robab%22">Kazemi, Robab</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> r.kazemi@tabrizu.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sharma%2C+Madan+Kumar%22">Sharma, Madan Kumar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Antennas+%26+Propagation%22">International Journal of Antennas & Propagation</searchLink>. 11/17/2025, Vol. 2025, p1-15. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Breast+cancer%22">Breast cancer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermotherapy%22">Thermotherapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+waves%22">Electromagnetic waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conformal+antennas%22">Conformal antennas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cancer+treatment%22">Cancer treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antenna+design%22">Antenna design</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This paper presents a compact conformal antenna for breast cancer hyperthermia treatment. The design integrates two rectangular patches within a slot and a fork‐shaped feedline, achieving over 50% bandwidth. Its conformal geometry adapts to tissue contours, improving treatment efficiency. To optimize electromagnetic (EM) power delivery to tumors while reducing undesired back radiation toward the operator, the design incorporates a hemispherical reflector and a neoprene layer at the back of the antenna for effective reflection and absorption. Additionally, a water bolus is utilized between the antenna and the skin to prevent hotspot formation. Operating at 2.45 GHz, the antenna measures 18 × 12 mm (0.15λ0 × 0.1λ0), making it over 50% smaller than conventional patch antennas, and maintains stable performance despite tissue property variations. The antenna effectively targets deep‐seated tumors while minimizing skin heating. Its compactness supports array configurations for improved penetration and off‐center tumor targeting through phase control. Performance evaluation of single and multielement arrays—considering reflection coefficient, SAR, penetration depth (PD), effective field size (EFS), and time–temperature response—shows that the single element achieves a PD of 21.15 mm and EFS of ∼119 mm2. Arrays with 3, 5, and 7 elements further enhance PD and EFS, confirming the antenna's potential for efficient, localized, and safe hyperthermia therapy. By applying appropriate phase differences between array elements, tumors located up to 50° from the tissue center can be effectively treated without repositioning the applicator or patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Antennas & Propagation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1155/ijap/5591535
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: Breast cancer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermotherapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic waves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Conformal antennas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cancer treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antenna design
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Design of a Compact Slot Antenna Array for Hyperthermia Treatment in Noncentral Breast Cancer Therapy.
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            NameFull: Hemmati, Zahra
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            NameFull: Kazemi, Robab
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            NameFull: Sharma, Madan Kumar
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            – D: 17
              M: 11
              Text: 11/17/2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 2025
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