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Effective utilization of unidirectional laminates for mass reduction in composite blades of multi-MW wind turbines.

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Title: Effective utilization of unidirectional laminates for mass reduction in composite blades of multi-MW wind turbines.
Authors: Attar, Suhail1 (AUTHOR) s.attar@rgu.ac.uk, Hayat, Khazar2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Advanced Composite Materials. Dec2025, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p955-972. 18p.
Subjects: Wind turbines, Composite structures, Stiffness (Engineering), Mathematical optimization, Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Genetic algorithms, Laminated materials
Abstract: In this study, a reduction of 7.8–10.37% in the blade mass was achieved by optimizing the thickness of unidirectional spars in the Sandia 100-m all-glass baseline blade for a 13.2 MW wind turbine. The optimized design still complies with stiffness, strength, buckling, and resonance requirements for two design load conditions (i.e. DLCs 6.2 and 1.4) specified in the IEC 61,400-1 standard for both stationary and spinning blades. A genetic algorithm was utilized to solve the multi-criteria, multi-constraint optimization problem while satisfying the allowable design limits specified by the wind turbine standard. The optimized blade designs demonstrated effective use of unidirectional laminates in the spars but led to increased tip deflection and longitudinal strains along with a decrease in buckling performance and first natural frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Advanced Composite Materials is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effective utilization of unidirectional laminates for mass reduction in composite blades of multi-MW wind turbines.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Attar%2C+Suhail%22">Attar, Suhail</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> s.attar@rgu.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hayat%2C+Khazar%22">Hayat, Khazar</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Advanced+Composite+Materials%22">Advanced Composite Materials</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p955-972. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wind+turbines%22">Wind turbines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Composite+structures%22">Composite structures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stiffness+%28Engineering%29%22">Stiffness (Engineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+algorithms%22">Genetic algorithms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laminated+materials%22">Laminated materials</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this study, a reduction of 7.8–10.37% in the blade mass was achieved by optimizing the thickness of unidirectional spars in the Sandia 100-m all-glass baseline blade for a 13.2 MW wind turbine. The optimized design still complies with stiffness, strength, buckling, and resonance requirements for two design load conditions (i.e. DLCs 6.2 and 1.4) specified in the IEC 61,400-1 standard for both stationary and spinning blades. A genetic algorithm was utilized to solve the multi-criteria, multi-constraint optimization problem while satisfying the allowable design limits specified by the wind turbine standard. The optimized blade designs demonstrated effective use of unidirectional laminates in the spars but led to increased tip deflection and longitudinal strains along with a decrease in buckling performance and first natural frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Advanced Composite Materials is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09243046.2024.2438470
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 955
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Wind turbines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Composite structures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stiffness (Engineering)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genetic algorithms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laminated materials
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effective utilization of unidirectional laminates for mass reduction in composite blades of multi-MW wind turbines.
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            NameFull: Attar, Suhail
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            NameFull: Hayat, Khazar
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 34
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            – TitleFull: Advanced Composite Materials
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