Investigation of the hot deformation behavior of Cu–9Ni–6Sn–0.6Cr alloy through isothermal compression: dynamic microstructure evolution and constitutive equation.

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Title: Investigation of the hot deformation behavior of Cu–9Ni–6Sn–0.6Cr alloy through isothermal compression: dynamic microstructure evolution and constitutive equation.
Authors: You, Yuanqi1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Liyuan1,2 (AUTHOR), Yi, Gang3 (AUTHOR), Xu, Zunyan1,2 (AUTHOR), Fu, Li1,2 (AUTHOR), Lu, Qiong1,2 (AUTHOR), Yi, Jianhong1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Caiju1,2 (AUTHOR) lcj@kust.edu.cn
Source: Journal of Materials Science. Dec2025, Vol. 60 Issue 47, p24784-24801. 18p.
Subjects: Isothermal compression, Microstructure, Thermal strain, Strains & stresses (Mechanics), Copper-nickel alloys, Strain rate, Hot working
Abstract: This study investigated the hot deformation behavior of the Cu–9Ni–6Sn–0.6Cr alloy under different deformation conditions through isothermal hot compression experiments. The alloy was tested under four different strain rates (1 s⁻1, 0.1 s⁻1, 0.01 s⁻1, and 0.001 s⁻1) and four deformation temperatures (750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C, and 900 °C). The microstructural evolution of the alloy was analyzed, and its constitutive model and hot processing map were developed based on the peak stress. The results show that the alloy exhibits a hot deformation activation energy of 227.754 kJ/mol. The material demonstrates a strain hardening index of 8.0408, with a strong correlation (R2 = 0.96065) observed between empirical measurements and theoretical predictions. The constructed hot processing map reveals that the alloy exhibits optimal formability under specific thermomechanical conditions, particularly within the 830–885 °C temperature range and at strain rates of 0.001–0.005 s⁻1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Investigation of the hot deformation behavior of Cu–9Ni–6Sn–0.6Cr alloy through isothermal compression: dynamic microstructure evolution and constitutive equation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22You%2C+Yuanqi%22">You, Yuanqi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Liyuan%22">Liu, Liyuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yi%2C+Gang%22">Yi, Gang</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Zunyan%22">Xu, Zunyan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fu%2C+Li%22">Fu, Li</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Qiong%22">Lu, Qiong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yi%2C+Jianhong%22">Yi, Jianhong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Caiju%22">Li, Caiju</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> lcj@kust.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Materials+Science%22">Journal of Materials Science</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 60 Issue 47, p24784-24801. 18p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Isothermal+compression%22">Isothermal compression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+strain%22">Thermal strain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strains+%26+stresses+%28Mechanics%29%22">Strains & stresses (Mechanics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Copper-nickel+alloys%22">Copper-nickel alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Strain+rate%22">Strain rate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hot+working%22">Hot working</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigated the hot deformation behavior of the Cu–9Ni–6Sn–0.6Cr alloy under different deformation conditions through isothermal hot compression experiments. The alloy was tested under four different strain rates (1 s⁻1, 0.1 s⁻1, 0.01 s⁻1, and 0.001 s⁻1) and four deformation temperatures (750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C, and 900 °C). The microstructural evolution of the alloy was analyzed, and its constitutive model and hot processing map were developed based on the peak stress. The results show that the alloy exhibits a hot deformation activation energy of 227.754 kJ/mol. The material demonstrates a strain hardening index of 8.0408, with a strong correlation (R2 = 0.96065) observed between empirical measurements and theoretical predictions. The constructed hot processing map reveals that the alloy exhibits optimal formability under specific thermomechanical conditions, particularly within the 830–885 °C temperature range and at strain rates of 0.001–0.005 s⁻1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10853-025-11825-2
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 24784
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      – SubjectFull: Isothermal compression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microstructure
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal strain
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Copper-nickel alloys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Strain rate
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      – SubjectFull: Hot working
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      – TitleFull: Investigation of the hot deformation behavior of Cu–9Ni–6Sn–0.6Cr alloy through isothermal compression: dynamic microstructure evolution and constitutive equation.
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            NameFull: You, Yuanqi
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              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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