Biomedical applications of seashells and seashell-reinforced polymer composites: a review of recent advances.

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Title: Biomedical applications of seashells and seashell-reinforced polymer composites: a review of recent advances.
Authors: Mohammed, Mohammed Razzaq1 (AUTHOR) mohammedrazzaq14@uomisan.edu.iq
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Science -- Polymer Edition. Dec2025, Vol. 36 Issue 17, p2530-2558. 29p.
Subjects: Seashells, Biomaterials, Regenerative medicine, Tissue engineering, Polymeric composites, Osseointegration, Biocompatibility
Abstract: The urgent need for alternative strategies for organ transplantation, replacement or regeneration of damaged tissues has been contributing in remarkable advances in biomaterials for various biomedical applications including tissue engineering. Seashells (SS), which are naturally occurring, available in large quantities and cost-free, have been drawn widespread attention recently for their potential use in the biomedical field. Besides, the unique properties of SS in terms of their biocompatibility, osteointegration, ease of manipulation, and adjustable mechanical behaviors make them a highly appropriate biomaterial for biomedicine, particularly in engineering bone. Compared to chemically synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA), SS-extracted HA can be perfectly matched the composition of bone minerals. Furthermore, polymer-based composites have numerous uses in various biomedical fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Several approaches and materials have been used to enhance the properties of biomedical field-based polymers. One such approach is the reinforcement of polymers using particles from either natural or synthetic sources including metals and ceramics. Nevertheless, the availability of natural materials with comparable properties to those found in the human body promotes the creation of better composites in terms of biocompatibility and affordability. The current review highlights recent studies regarding the development of SS-derived biomaterials as well as SS-reinforced polymer composites for orthopedics, orthodontics, and other biomedical applications. Beside to their key role in enhancing polymer properties, the use of SS particles has the benefit of lowering the cost of the resulting biocomposite and mitigate the deleterious influence of a massive amount of by-product waste on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Biomaterials Science -- Polymer Edition is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Biomedical applications of seashells and seashell-reinforced polymer composites: a review of recent advances.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohammed%2C+Mohammed+Razzaq%22">Mohammed, Mohammed Razzaq</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mohammedrazzaq14@uomisan.edu.iq</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Biomaterials+Science+--+Polymer+Edition%22">Journal of Biomaterials Science -- Polymer Edition</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 36 Issue 17, p2530-2558. 29p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seashells%22">Seashells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomaterials%22">Biomaterials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regenerative+medicine%22">Regenerative medicine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tissue+engineering%22">Tissue engineering</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymeric+composites%22">Polymeric composites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Osseointegration%22">Osseointegration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biocompatibility%22">Biocompatibility</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The urgent need for alternative strategies for organ transplantation, replacement or regeneration of damaged tissues has been contributing in remarkable advances in biomaterials for various biomedical applications including tissue engineering. Seashells (SS), which are naturally occurring, available in large quantities and cost-free, have been drawn widespread attention recently for their potential use in the biomedical field. Besides, the unique properties of SS in terms of their biocompatibility, osteointegration, ease of manipulation, and adjustable mechanical behaviors make them a highly appropriate biomaterial for biomedicine, particularly in engineering bone. Compared to chemically synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA), SS-extracted HA can be perfectly matched the composition of bone minerals. Furthermore, polymer-based composites have numerous uses in various biomedical fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Several approaches and materials have been used to enhance the properties of biomedical field-based polymers. One such approach is the reinforcement of polymers using particles from either natural or synthetic sources including metals and ceramics. Nevertheless, the availability of natural materials with comparable properties to those found in the human body promotes the creation of better composites in terms of biocompatibility and affordability. The current review highlights recent studies regarding the development of SS-derived biomaterials as well as SS-reinforced polymer composites for orthopedics, orthodontics, and other biomedical applications. Beside to their key role in enhancing polymer properties, the use of SS particles has the benefit of lowering the cost of the resulting biocomposite and mitigate the deleterious influence of a massive amount of by-product waste on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Biomaterials Science -- Polymer Edition is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09205063.2025.2504710
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 29
        StartPage: 2530
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Seashells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomaterials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regenerative medicine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tissue engineering
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polymeric composites
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Osseointegration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biocompatibility
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Biomedical applications of seashells and seashell-reinforced polymer composites: a review of recent advances.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Mohammed, Mohammed Razzaq
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 09205063
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              Value: 36
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              Value: 17
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Biomaterials Science -- Polymer Edition
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