Effect of Hydrothermal Aging on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Zirconia Ceramics.
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| Title: | Effect of Hydrothermal Aging on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Zirconia Ceramics. |
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| Authors: | Sayla Çelik, Çağlayan1 (AUTHOR), Çakırbay Tanış, Merve1 (AUTHOR) mervecakirbay@gazi.edu.tr |
| Source: | Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Nov2025, Vol. 15 Issue 21, p1669. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Microstructure, Vickers hardness, Mechanical behavior of materials, Hydrothermal synthesis, Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide |
| Abstract: | The mechanical and microstructural properties of monolithic zirconia ceramics are significant factors for their long-term clinical performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal aging on these properties for the 3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP, and 5Y-TZP formulations. Specimens were prepared from 3 different zirconia blocks: 3Y-TZP (HT), 4Y-TZP (ST), and 5Y-TZP (XT). Half of the specimens were aged in an autoclave (134 °C, 2 bar, 5 h) while the others remained as controls. Three-point flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and surface roughness tests, as well as XRD, AFM, and SEM/EDS analysis, were performed. The material type significantly affected the flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and surface roughness. Aging did not significantly affect the flexural strength or surface roughness but reduced the Vickers hardness in the 3Y-TZP sample. The 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP samples displayed the highest and lowest flexural strength, respectively. In the non-aged groups, 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP exhibited higher hardness than 4Y-TZP, and after aging, 3Y-TZP displayed the lowest hardness. Further, 5Y-TZP showed the highest surface roughness before and after aging. XRD revealed an increased monoclinic phase in the aged 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP. No monoclinic phase was observed in 5Y-TZP. According to AFM measurements, aging led to a smoother surface in 3Y-TZP but increased roughness in 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP. SEM/EDS revealed changes in the elemental compositions following aging. According to the results of this study, different material formulations affect the mechanical behavior and microstructural properties of monolithic zirconia ceramics. Further, hydrothermal aging displayed effects on the Vickers hardness and phase transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 189602861 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effect of Hydrothermal Aging on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Zirconia Ceramics. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sayla+Çelik%2C+Çağlayan%22">Sayla Çelik, Çağlayan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Çakırbay+Tanış%2C+Merve%22">Çakırbay Tanış, Merve</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mervecakirbay@gazi.edu.tr</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 15 Issue 21, p1669. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vickers+hardness%22">Vickers hardness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+synthesis%22">Hydrothermal synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Yttria+stabilized+zirconium+oxide%22">Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The mechanical and microstructural properties of monolithic zirconia ceramics are significant factors for their long-term clinical performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal aging on these properties for the 3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP, and 5Y-TZP formulations. Specimens were prepared from 3 different zirconia blocks: 3Y-TZP (HT), 4Y-TZP (ST), and 5Y-TZP (XT). Half of the specimens were aged in an autoclave (134 °C, 2 bar, 5 h) while the others remained as controls. Three-point flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and surface roughness tests, as well as XRD, AFM, and SEM/EDS analysis, were performed. The material type significantly affected the flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and surface roughness. Aging did not significantly affect the flexural strength or surface roughness but reduced the Vickers hardness in the 3Y-TZP sample. The 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP samples displayed the highest and lowest flexural strength, respectively. In the non-aged groups, 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP exhibited higher hardness than 4Y-TZP, and after aging, 3Y-TZP displayed the lowest hardness. Further, 5Y-TZP showed the highest surface roughness before and after aging. XRD revealed an increased monoclinic phase in the aged 3Y-TZP and 4Y-TZP. No monoclinic phase was observed in 5Y-TZP. According to AFM measurements, aging led to a smoother surface in 3Y-TZP but increased roughness in 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP. SEM/EDS revealed changes in the elemental compositions following aging. According to the results of this study, different material formulations affect the mechanical behavior and microstructural properties of monolithic zirconia ceramics. Further, hydrothermal aging displayed effects on the Vickers hardness and phase transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/nano15211669 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 1669 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Microstructure Type: general – SubjectFull: Vickers hardness Type: general – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials Type: general – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal synthesis Type: general – SubjectFull: Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effect of Hydrothermal Aging on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Zirconia Ceramics. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sayla Çelik, Çağlayan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Çakırbay Tanış, Merve IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 11 Text: Nov2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20794991 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 15 – Type: issue Value: 21 Titles: – TitleFull: Nanomaterials (2079-4991) Type: main |
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