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Broadband Response Enhancement of a Pitching Wave Energy Converter Using a Nonlinear Stiffness Mechanism Under Dry Friction Effects.

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Title: Broadband Response Enhancement of a Pitching Wave Energy Converter Using a Nonlinear Stiffness Mechanism Under Dry Friction Effects.
Authors: Neira, Braulio1 (AUTHOR), Pierart, Fabián G.1,2 (AUTHOR), Villegas, Claudio1,3 (AUTHOR), Cifuentes, Cristian1,2 (AUTHOR), Barrientos, Vicente2 (AUTHOR), Tampier, Gonzalo2,3 (AUTHOR), Knobloch, Thomas3 (AUTHOR), Corves, Burkhard3 (AUTHOR), Hüsing, Mathias3 (AUTHOR) huesing@igmr.rwth-aachen.de
Source: Energies (19961073). Nov2025, Vol. 18 Issue 22, p6022. 16p.
Subjects: Dry friction, Energy transfer, Ocean energy resources, Hydrodynamics, Stiffness (Engineering), Dynamic stiffness, Frequency response
Abstract: This work presents an experimental and theoretical study of a pitching point-absorber wave energy converter (WEC) equipped with a nonlinear stiffness mechanism (NSM) based on a pre-compressed spring. The mechanism is designed to reduce the equivalent restoring stiffness and enhance the device response without external control. A 1:13 scale prototype of the Lafkenewen WEC, deployed off Lebu (Chile), was tested in regular waves within a wave tank for two configurations: with and without the NSM. The rotational response amplitude operator (RAO) was obtained from experiments and compared against a linear hydrodynamic model formulated via Newtonian mechanics and frequency domain radiation/excitation coefficients. Dry friction at the hinge was represented as an equivalent viscous damping term identified iteratively. Unlike narrow-resonance WECs, both configurations exhibited a broadband response without a sharp resonance peak in the 0.7 – 1.2 Hz range, due to significant radiation damping and hinge friction. The NSM produced a moderate amplification of the rotational RAO (up to ∼32%) while preserving the broadband character. Theoretical predictions agreed with the measurements when dry friction was included. These results demonstrate that passive stiffness reduction via an NSM enhances wave–structure energy transfer even in systems dominated by effective damping and provides a consistent basis for future nonlinear time domain modeling and control-oriented studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 189607054
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Broadband Response Enhancement of a Pitching Wave Energy Converter Using a Nonlinear Stiffness Mechanism Under Dry Friction Effects.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 18 Issue 22, p6022. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dry+friction%22">Dry friction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+transfer%22">Energy transfer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+energy+resources%22">Ocean energy resources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrodynamics%22">Hydrodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stiffness+%28Engineering%29%22">Stiffness (Engineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dynamic+stiffness%22">Dynamic stiffness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Frequency+response%22">Frequency response</searchLink>
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  Data: This work presents an experimental and theoretical study of a pitching point-absorber wave energy converter (WEC) equipped with a nonlinear stiffness mechanism (NSM) based on a pre-compressed spring. The mechanism is designed to reduce the equivalent restoring stiffness and enhance the device response without external control. A 1:13 scale prototype of the Lafkenewen WEC, deployed off Lebu (Chile), was tested in regular waves within a wave tank for two configurations: with and without the NSM. The rotational response amplitude operator (RAO) was obtained from experiments and compared against a linear hydrodynamic model formulated via Newtonian mechanics and frequency domain radiation/excitation coefficients. Dry friction at the hinge was represented as an equivalent viscous damping term identified iteratively. Unlike narrow-resonance WECs, both configurations exhibited a broadband response without a sharp resonance peak in the 0.7 – 1.2 Hz range, due to significant radiation damping and hinge friction. The NSM produced a moderate amplification of the rotational RAO (up to ∼32%) while preserving the broadband character. Theoretical predictions agreed with the measurements when dry friction was included. These results demonstrate that passive stiffness reduction via an NSM enhances wave–structure energy transfer even in systems dominated by effective damping and provides a consistent basis for future nonlinear time domain modeling and control-oriented studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Energies (19961073) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/en18226022
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 6022
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Dry friction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy transfer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean energy resources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stiffness (Engineering)
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      – SubjectFull: Dynamic stiffness
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      – SubjectFull: Frequency response
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      – TitleFull: Broadband Response Enhancement of a Pitching Wave Energy Converter Using a Nonlinear Stiffness Mechanism Under Dry Friction Effects.
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              Text: Nov2025
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              Y: 2025
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