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Strength Characteristics of Historical Mortars—Experimental Study Using the Double Punch Method.

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Title: Strength Characteristics of Historical Mortars—Experimental Study Using the Double Punch Method.
Authors: Matysek, Piotr1 (AUTHOR) piotr.matysek@pk.edu.pl, Witkowski, Michał1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Materials (1996-1944). Nov2025, Vol. 18 Issue 21, p4868. 14p.
Subjects: Mortar, Test methods, Mechanical behavior of materials, Nondestructive testing, Historic buildings, Building repair, Masonry testing
Geographic Terms: Kraków (Poland)
Abstract: Identification of the strength characteristics of mortars in brick or stone masonry is crucial in the structural analysis of heritage buildings and selecting materials for their repairs and reconstruction. Non-destructive, minimally destructive, and minor-destructive tests have been developed to establish the strength of mortar in existing masonry. This paper presents strength tests on mortar samples extracted from bed joints of heritage buildings erected in the historic center of Cracow during the 19th and 20th centuries. The mortar samples were tested using the double-punch method, a minor-destructive technique especially useful for heritage structures where cutting out large masonry specimens is not possible due to conservation reasons. The impact of sample thickness and type of capping materials on the test results were analyzed in detail. Practical recommendations are also proposed for the procedure of the double-punch method in relation to historical mortars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 189611174
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Strength Characteristics of Historical Mortars—Experimental Study Using the Double Punch Method.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matysek%2C+Piotr%22">Matysek, Piotr</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> piotr.matysek@pk.edu.pl</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Witkowski%2C+Michał%22">Witkowski, Michał</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 18 Issue 21, p4868. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mortar%22">Mortar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+methods%22">Test methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Historic+buildings%22">Historic buildings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Building+repair%22">Building repair</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Masonry+testing%22">Masonry testing</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kraków+%28Poland%29%22">Kraków (Poland)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Identification of the strength characteristics of mortars in brick or stone masonry is crucial in the structural analysis of heritage buildings and selecting materials for their repairs and reconstruction. Non-destructive, minimally destructive, and minor-destructive tests have been developed to establish the strength of mortar in existing masonry. This paper presents strength tests on mortar samples extracted from bed joints of heritage buildings erected in the historic center of Cracow during the 19th and 20th centuries. The mortar samples were tested using the double-punch method, a minor-destructive technique especially useful for heritage structures where cutting out large masonry specimens is not possible due to conservation reasons. The impact of sample thickness and type of capping materials on the test results were analyzed in detail. Practical recommendations are also proposed for the procedure of the double-punch method in relation to historical mortars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/ma18214868
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 4868
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mortar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nondestructive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Historic buildings
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Building repair
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Masonry testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kraków (Poland)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Strength Characteristics of Historical Mortars—Experimental Study Using the Double Punch Method.
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            NameFull: Matysek, Piotr
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            NameFull: Witkowski, Michał
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 19961944
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              Value: 18
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              Value: 21
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            – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944)
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