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A Novel MIMO SAR Scheme with Intra–Inter-Pulse Phase Coding and Azimuth–Elevation Joint Processing.

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Title: A Novel MIMO SAR Scheme with Intra–Inter-Pulse Phase Coding and Azimuth–Elevation Joint Processing.
Authors: Peng, Wulin1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Wei1,2 (AUTHOR) wwang@mail.ie.ac.cn, Zhang, Yongwei1,2 (AUTHOR), Wei, Yihai1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Zixuan1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Remote Sensing. Nov2025, Vol. 17 Issue 21, p3544. 21p.
Subjects: Phase coding, Beamforming, Computational complexity, Signal processing, MIMO radar, Interference suppression
Abstract: Highlights: What are the main findings? A novel dual phase-coding MIMO SAR scheme is proposed, which combines intra-pulse and inter-pulse modulation to effectively suppress interference and achieve superior echo separation performance. An azimuth–elevation joint digital beamforming (DBF) processing framework is developed, which significantly reduces system complexity, computational burden, and hardware requirements (e.g., fewer elevation channels and lower PRF) compared to conventional methods. What is the implication of the main finding? It provides a practical and cost-effective solution for the implementation of MIMO SAR systems, making it particularly suitable for cost-sensitive missions (e.g., small satellites) and systems with limited hardware resources. It enhances system flexibility and paves the way for advanced applications, such as high-precision multi-mode and multi-scene imaging, as well as interferometric measurements, using a reconfigurable hardware platform. Echo separation has long been a challenging and prominent research focus for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO SAR) systems. Digital beamforming (DBF) plays a critical role in achieving effective echo separation, but it often comes at the cost of high system complexity. This paper proposes a novel MIMO SAR scheme based on phase-coded waveforms applied to both inter-pulses and intra-pulses. By introducing phase coding in both dimensions and performing joint azimuth–elevation processing, the proposed method effectively suppresses interference arising during the echo separation process, thereby significantly improving separation performance. Additionally, the approach allows for a significantly simplified array configuration, reducing both hardware requirements and computational burden. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme are validated through numerical simulations and distributed scene experiments, highlighting its strong potential for application in MIMO SAR systems—particularly in cost-sensitive scenarios and systems with limited elevation channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Novel MIMO SAR Scheme with Intra–Inter-Pulse Phase Coding and Azimuth–Elevation Joint Processing.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng%2C+Wulin%22">Peng, Wulin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Wei%22">Wang, Wei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> wwang@mail.ie.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yongwei%22">Zhang, Yongwei</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei%2C+Yihai%22">Wei, Yihai</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Zixuan%22">Zhang, Zixuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+coding%22">Phase coding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Beamforming%22">Beamforming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computational+complexity%22">Computational complexity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+processing%22">Signal processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MIMO+radar%22">MIMO radar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interference+suppression%22">Interference suppression</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? A novel dual phase-coding MIMO SAR scheme is proposed, which combines intra-pulse and inter-pulse modulation to effectively suppress interference and achieve superior echo separation performance. An azimuth–elevation joint digital beamforming (DBF) processing framework is developed, which significantly reduces system complexity, computational burden, and hardware requirements (e.g., fewer elevation channels and lower PRF) compared to conventional methods. What is the implication of the main finding? It provides a practical and cost-effective solution for the implementation of MIMO SAR systems, making it particularly suitable for cost-sensitive missions (e.g., small satellites) and systems with limited hardware resources. It enhances system flexibility and paves the way for advanced applications, such as high-precision multi-mode and multi-scene imaging, as well as interferometric measurements, using a reconfigurable hardware platform. Echo separation has long been a challenging and prominent research focus for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO SAR) systems. Digital beamforming (DBF) plays a critical role in achieving effective echo separation, but it often comes at the cost of high system complexity. This paper proposes a novel MIMO SAR scheme based on phase-coded waveforms applied to both inter-pulses and intra-pulses. By introducing phase coding in both dimensions and performing joint azimuth–elevation processing, the proposed method effectively suppresses interference arising during the echo separation process, thereby significantly improving separation performance. Additionally, the approach allows for a significantly simplified array configuration, reducing both hardware requirements and computational burden. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme are validated through numerical simulations and distributed scene experiments, highlighting its strong potential for application in MIMO SAR systems—particularly in cost-sensitive scenarios and systems with limited elevation channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: MIMO radar
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      – SubjectFull: Interference suppression
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      – TitleFull: A Novel MIMO SAR Scheme with Intra–Inter-Pulse Phase Coding and Azimuth–Elevation Joint Processing.
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            NameFull: Peng, Wulin
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              M: 11
              Text: Nov2025
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