Bidirectional Reflectance Sensitivity to Hemispherical Samplings: Implications for Snow Surface BRDF and Albedo Retrieval.
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| Title: | Bidirectional Reflectance Sensitivity to Hemispherical Samplings: Implications for Snow Surface BRDF and Albedo Retrieval. |
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| Authors: | Guo, Jing1,2 (AUTHOR), Jiao, Ziti1,2 (AUTHOR) jiaozt@bnu.edu.cn, Ding, Anxin3 (AUTHOR), Li, Zhilong1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Chenxia1,2 (AUTHOR), Yang, Fangwen1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Gao, Ge1,2 (AUTHOR), Tan, Zheyou1,2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Sizhe1,2 (AUTHOR), Dong, Xin1,2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Remote Sensing. Nov2025, Vol. 17 Issue 21, p3614. 25p. |
| Subjects: | Albedo, Remote sensing, Reflectance measurement, Reflectance, Snow cover, Sampling methods, Statistical sampling |
| Abstract: | Highlights: What are the main findings? Different illuminating–observing sampling distribution schemes can influence BRDF and albedo more for longer wavelengths. An angular information index (AII) was proposed based on a kernel-driven model, in cooperation with a weighting mechanism and information effectiveness to evaluate the information content of various sampling distribution schemes. What are the implications of the main findings? The angular sampling configuration is demonstrated to be a key factor influencing the accuracy of BRDF and albedo derived from the kernel-driven model. The AII provides a practical metric for guiding future sensor parameterization and for evaluating the quality of multi-angular data before operational application. Multi-angular remote sensing plays a critical role in the study domains of ecological monitoring, climate change, and energy balance. The successful retrieval of the surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and albedo from multi-angular remote sensing observations for various applications relies on the sensitivity of an appropriate BRDF model to both the number and the sampling distribution of multi-angular observations. In this study, based on selected high-quality multi-angular datasets, we designed three representative angular sampling schemes to systematically analyze different illuminating–viewing configurations of the retrieval results in a kernel-driven BRDF model framework. We first proposed an angular information index (AII) by incorporating a weighting mechanism and information effectiveness to quantify the angular information content for the angular sampling distribution schemes. In accordance with the principle that observations on the principal plane (PP) provide the most representative anisotropic scattering features, the assigned weight gradually decreases from the PP towards the cross-principal plane (CPP). The information effectiveness is determined based on the cosine similarity between the observations, effectively reducing the information redundancy. With such a method, we assess the AII of the different sampling schemes and further analyze the impact of angular distribution on both BRDF inversion and the estimation of snow surface albedo, including White-Sky Albedo (WSA) and Black-Sky Albedo (BSA) based on the RossThick-LiSparseReciprocal-Snow (RTLSRS) BRDF model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The AII approach can serve as a robust indicator of the efficiency of different sampling schemes in BRDF retrieval, which indicates that the RTLSRS model can provide a robust inversion when the AII value exceeds a threshold of −2. (2) When the AII value reaches such a reliable level, different sampling schemes can reproduce the BRDF shapes of snow across different bands to somehow varying degrees. Specifically, observations with smaller view zenith angle (VZA) ranges can reconstruct a BRDF shape that amplifies the anisotropic effect of snow; in addition, the forward scattering tends to be more pronounced at larger solar zenith angles (SZAs), while the variations in BRDF shape reconstructed from off-PP observations depend on both wavelength and SZAs. (3) The relative differences in both BSA and WSA grow with increasing wavelength for all these sampling schemes, mostly within 5% for short bands but up to 30% for longer wavelengths. With this novel AII method to quantify the information contribution of multi-angular sampling distributions, this study offers valuable insights into several main multi-angular BRDF sampling strategies in satellite sensor missions, which relate to most of the fields of multi-angular remote sensing applications in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 189611956 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Bidirectional Reflectance Sensitivity to Hemispherical Samplings: Implications for Snow Surface BRDF and Albedo Retrieval. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Jing%22">Guo, Jing</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiao%2C+Ziti%22">Jiao, Ziti</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jiaozt@bnu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ding%2C+Anxin%22">Ding, Anxin</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Zhilong%22">Li, Zhilong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Chenxia%22">Wang, Chenxia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Fangwen%22">Yang, Fangwen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Ge%22">Gao, Ge</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Zheyou%22">Tan, Zheyou</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Sizhe%22">Chen, Sizhe</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong%2C+Xin%22">Dong, Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 17 Issue 21, p3614. 25p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Albedo%22">Albedo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+sensing%22">Remote sensing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reflectance+measurement%22">Reflectance measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reflectance%22">Reflectance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Snow+cover%22">Snow cover</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sampling+methods%22">Sampling methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Highlights: What are the main findings? Different illuminating–observing sampling distribution schemes can influence BRDF and albedo more for longer wavelengths. An angular information index (AII) was proposed based on a kernel-driven model, in cooperation with a weighting mechanism and information effectiveness to evaluate the information content of various sampling distribution schemes. What are the implications of the main findings? The angular sampling configuration is demonstrated to be a key factor influencing the accuracy of BRDF and albedo derived from the kernel-driven model. The AII provides a practical metric for guiding future sensor parameterization and for evaluating the quality of multi-angular data before operational application. Multi-angular remote sensing plays a critical role in the study domains of ecological monitoring, climate change, and energy balance. The successful retrieval of the surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and albedo from multi-angular remote sensing observations for various applications relies on the sensitivity of an appropriate BRDF model to both the number and the sampling distribution of multi-angular observations. In this study, based on selected high-quality multi-angular datasets, we designed three representative angular sampling schemes to systematically analyze different illuminating–viewing configurations of the retrieval results in a kernel-driven BRDF model framework. We first proposed an angular information index (AII) by incorporating a weighting mechanism and information effectiveness to quantify the angular information content for the angular sampling distribution schemes. In accordance with the principle that observations on the principal plane (PP) provide the most representative anisotropic scattering features, the assigned weight gradually decreases from the PP towards the cross-principal plane (CPP). The information effectiveness is determined based on the cosine similarity between the observations, effectively reducing the information redundancy. With such a method, we assess the AII of the different sampling schemes and further analyze the impact of angular distribution on both BRDF inversion and the estimation of snow surface albedo, including White-Sky Albedo (WSA) and Black-Sky Albedo (BSA) based on the RossThick-LiSparseReciprocal-Snow (RTLSRS) BRDF model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The AII approach can serve as a robust indicator of the efficiency of different sampling schemes in BRDF retrieval, which indicates that the RTLSRS model can provide a robust inversion when the AII value exceeds a threshold of −2. (2) When the AII value reaches such a reliable level, different sampling schemes can reproduce the BRDF shapes of snow across different bands to somehow varying degrees. Specifically, observations with smaller view zenith angle (VZA) ranges can reconstruct a BRDF shape that amplifies the anisotropic effect of snow; in addition, the forward scattering tends to be more pronounced at larger solar zenith angles (SZAs), while the variations in BRDF shape reconstructed from off-PP observations depend on both wavelength and SZAs. (3) The relative differences in both BSA and WSA grow with increasing wavelength for all these sampling schemes, mostly within 5% for short bands but up to 30% for longer wavelengths. With this novel AII method to quantify the information contribution of multi-angular sampling distributions, this study offers valuable insights into several main multi-angular BRDF sampling strategies in satellite sensor missions, which relate to most of the fields of multi-angular remote sensing applications in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/rs17213614 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 25 StartPage: 3614 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Albedo Type: general – SubjectFull: Remote sensing Type: general – SubjectFull: Reflectance measurement Type: general – SubjectFull: Reflectance Type: general – SubjectFull: Snow cover Type: general – SubjectFull: Sampling methods Type: general – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Bidirectional Reflectance Sensitivity to Hemispherical Samplings: Implications for Snow Surface BRDF and Albedo Retrieval. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Guo, Jing – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jiao, Ziti – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ding, Anxin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Li, Zhilong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang, Chenxia – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yang, Fangwen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gao, Ge – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tan, Zheyou – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chen, Sizhe – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dong, Xin IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 11 Text: Nov2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20724292 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 17 – Type: issue Value: 21 Titles: – TitleFull: Remote Sensing Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
