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Inaccurate DInSAR Time Series Underlie the Purported Evidence of a Recent, Rapid Ascent of a Magmatic Body in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy).

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Title: Inaccurate DInSAR Time Series Underlie the Purported Evidence of a Recent, Rapid Ascent of a Magmatic Body in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy).
Authors: Amoruso, Antonella1 (AUTHOR), Marzocchi, Warner2 (AUTHOR), Crescentini, Luca1 (AUTHOR) lcrescen@unisa.it
Source: Remote Sensing. Nov2025, Vol. 17 Issue 22, p3777. 24p.
Subjects: Radar interferometry, Calderas, Magmas, Seismic surveys, Volcanic eruptions, Land subsidence, Global Positioning System
Geographic Terms: Italy, Phlegraean Plain (Italy)
Abstract: Highlights: What is the main finding? At Campi Flegrei, ground deformation time series derived from DInSAR and GNSS are not always consistent. What are the implications of the main finding? Inaccurate DInSAR ground displacement time series are the basis for the purported evidence of recent upward migration and shape changes of magmatic bodies at Campi Flegrei. Accurate DInSAR ground displacement time series seem to confirm that the shape of the Campi Flegrei ground deformation field has remained virtually unchanged over time. Ground deformation data are crucial for understanding the processes driving volcanic unrest. The current unrest at the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy, presents a significant challenge, primarily due to the presence of inconsistencies between seismic data and recent ground deformation model outcomes. While there are no seismic indicators of magma movement during the period of unrest, the analysis of ground deformation yielded mutually contradictory results. Despite the indications from prior analyses that the shape of the ground deformation field remains almost constant over time, recent findings based on different DInSAR (Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) time series suggest the upward migration of an ellipsoidal magmatic body at shallow depths, as well as significant changes to its shape. These findings carry strong implications for the related volcanic risk. By comparing DInSAR and GPS (Global Positioning System) displacement time series in detail, we identified a bias in the DInSAR time series used to support the upward migration and shape changes in magmatic bodies. The results of this paper emphasize that the source of ground deformation during the current unrest at Campi Flegrei is quasi-stationary, with no clear evidence of magma migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Inaccurate DInSAR Time Series Underlie the Purported Evidence of a Recent, Rapid Ascent of a Magmatic Body in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Amoruso%2C+Antonella%22">Amoruso, Antonella</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marzocchi%2C+Warner%22">Marzocchi, Warner</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crescentini%2C+Luca%22">Crescentini, Luca</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> lcrescen@unisa.it</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Remote+Sensing%22">Remote Sensing</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 17 Issue 22, p3777. 24p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radar+interferometry%22">Radar interferometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calderas%22">Calderas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magmas%22">Magmas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seismic+surveys%22">Seismic surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+eruptions%22">Volcanic eruptions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Land+subsidence%22">Land subsidence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Positioning+System%22">Global Positioning System</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Italy%22">Italy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phlegraean+Plain+%28Italy%29%22">Phlegraean Plain (Italy)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Highlights: What is the main finding? At Campi Flegrei, ground deformation time series derived from DInSAR and GNSS are not always consistent. What are the implications of the main finding? Inaccurate DInSAR ground displacement time series are the basis for the purported evidence of recent upward migration and shape changes of magmatic bodies at Campi Flegrei. Accurate DInSAR ground displacement time series seem to confirm that the shape of the Campi Flegrei ground deformation field has remained virtually unchanged over time. Ground deformation data are crucial for understanding the processes driving volcanic unrest. The current unrest at the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy, presents a significant challenge, primarily due to the presence of inconsistencies between seismic data and recent ground deformation model outcomes. While there are no seismic indicators of magma movement during the period of unrest, the analysis of ground deformation yielded mutually contradictory results. Despite the indications from prior analyses that the shape of the ground deformation field remains almost constant over time, recent findings based on different DInSAR (Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) time series suggest the upward migration of an ellipsoidal magmatic body at shallow depths, as well as significant changes to its shape. These findings carry strong implications for the related volcanic risk. By comparing DInSAR and GPS (Global Positioning System) displacement time series in detail, we identified a bias in the DInSAR time series used to support the upward migration and shape changes in magmatic bodies. The results of this paper emphasize that the source of ground deformation during the current unrest at Campi Flegrei is quasi-stationary, with no clear evidence of magma migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/rs17223777
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 24
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      – SubjectFull: Radar interferometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calderas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magmas
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      – SubjectFull: Seismic surveys
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      – SubjectFull: Volcanic eruptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Land subsidence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Global Positioning System
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Italy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phlegraean Plain (Italy)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Inaccurate DInSAR Time Series Underlie the Purported Evidence of a Recent, Rapid Ascent of a Magmatic Body in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy).
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            NameFull: Amoruso, Antonella
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            NameFull: Marzocchi, Warner
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            NameFull: Crescentini, Luca
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              Text: Nov2025
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