Quantitative Depth Estimation in Lock-In Thermography: Modeling and Correction of Lateral Heat Conduction Effects.
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| Title: | Quantitative Depth Estimation in Lock-In Thermography: Modeling and Correction of Lateral Heat Conduction Effects. |
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| Authors: | Ma, Botao1 (AUTHOR), Sun, Shupeng1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Lin1 (AUTHOR) linzhang1629@email.sdu.edu.cn |
| Source: | Materials (1996-1944). Nov2025, Vol. 18 Issue 22, p5247. 22p. |
| Subjects: | Depth profiling, Nondestructive testing, Calibration, Titanium alloys, Thermography, Heat transfer |
| Abstract: | Lock-in thermography is a widely used nondestructive testing technique for detecting subsurface defects in solid materials. In this study, one-dimensional analytical modeling and three-dimensional finite element simulations were combined to elucidate how lateral heat conduction influences quantitative depth estimation in titanium alloy material using two inversion strategies: the blind frequency method and the phase difference method. Parametric analyses were conducted for defect radius-to-depth ratios ranging from 0.5 to 8 under various excitation frequencies. Results show that the blind frequency method can significantly underestimate defect depth with errors of up to 20.7% when the radius-to-depth ratio is as small as 0.5. To mitigate this bias, an exponential correction model was developed to compensate for lateral conduction effects, reducing the error to within ±5%. The accuracy of the phase difference method is found to depend jointly on defect depth, excitation frequency, and the ratio of defect radius to thermal diffusion length; estimation errors become negligible when this ratio exceeds 3. The novelty of this work lies in identifying lateral conduction as a key bias source and establishing a quantitative correction framework for the depth inversion based on the blind frequency method. The proposed approach is expected to enhance the accuracy of quantitative thermography for engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 189675907 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Quantitative Depth Estimation in Lock-In Thermography: Modeling and Correction of Lateral Heat Conduction Effects. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Botao%22">Ma, Botao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Shupeng%22">Sun, Shupeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Lin%22">Zhang, Lin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> linzhang1629@email.sdu.edu.cn</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+%281996-1944%29%22">Materials (1996-1944)</searchLink>. Nov2025, Vol. 18 Issue 22, p5247. 22p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depth+profiling%22">Depth profiling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nondestructive+testing%22">Nondestructive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calibration%22">Calibration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+alloys%22">Titanium alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermography%22">Thermography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+transfer%22">Heat transfer</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Lock-in thermography is a widely used nondestructive testing technique for detecting subsurface defects in solid materials. In this study, one-dimensional analytical modeling and three-dimensional finite element simulations were combined to elucidate how lateral heat conduction influences quantitative depth estimation in titanium alloy material using two inversion strategies: the blind frequency method and the phase difference method. Parametric analyses were conducted for defect radius-to-depth ratios ranging from 0.5 to 8 under various excitation frequencies. Results show that the blind frequency method can significantly underestimate defect depth with errors of up to 20.7% when the radius-to-depth ratio is as small as 0.5. To mitigate this bias, an exponential correction model was developed to compensate for lateral conduction effects, reducing the error to within ±5%. The accuracy of the phase difference method is found to depend jointly on defect depth, excitation frequency, and the ratio of defect radius to thermal diffusion length; estimation errors become negligible when this ratio exceeds 3. The novelty of this work lies in identifying lateral conduction as a key bias source and establishing a quantitative correction framework for the depth inversion based on the blind frequency method. The proposed approach is expected to enhance the accuracy of quantitative thermography for engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=189675907 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/ma18225247 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 22 StartPage: 5247 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Depth profiling Type: general – SubjectFull: Nondestructive testing Type: general – SubjectFull: Calibration Type: general – SubjectFull: Titanium alloys Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermography Type: general – SubjectFull: Heat transfer Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Quantitative Depth Estimation in Lock-In Thermography: Modeling and Correction of Lateral Heat Conduction Effects. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ma, Botao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sun, Shupeng – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, Lin IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 11 Text: Nov2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19961944 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 18 – Type: issue Value: 22 Titles: – TitleFull: Materials (1996-1944) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
