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Resilient event-triggered practically predefined-time heading control of ships with delay of steering gear and false-data-injection attacks.

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Title: Resilient event-triggered practically predefined-time heading control of ships with delay of steering gear and false-data-injection attacks.
Authors: Xue, Han1 (AUTHOR) imlmd@163.com, Wang, Xiangtao1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications. Dec2025, Vol. 66 Issue 4, p732-742. 11p.
Subjects: Time delay systems, Falsification of data, Uncertain systems, Feedback control systems, Ship handling
Abstract: The presence of time delays prevents the controller from responding to disturbances promptly, resulting in excessive overshoot and prolonged settling times. Moreover, traditional predefined-time stability theorems are not directly applicable to systems with operational delays. To address this, a practical predefined-time tracking control strategy is designed under input delays and false data injection attacks. By employing virtual controllers to compensate for unknown gains caused by such attacks, the adverse effects are mitigated effectively and rapidly. Considering the time delay in the steering gear, an adaptive strategy is introduced to adjust the controller parameters online, enhancing the system's adaptability to varying delays. Furthermore, a predefined-time convergent observer is developed to handle system uncertainty, effectively eliminating the impact of attacks and external disturbances. The proposed method is validated using ships. Additionally, the impact of delays on the system in multiple scenarios is discussed. The proposed approach effectively suppresses the effects of both attacks and delays. Compared to traditional control methods such as fixed-time control and continuous control, the results demonstrate a significant reduction in computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Resilient event-triggered practically predefined-time heading control of ships with delay of steering gear and false-data-injection attacks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xue%2C+Han%22">Xue, Han</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> imlmd@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xiangtao%22">Wang, Xiangtao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time+delay+systems%22">Time delay systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Falsification+of+data%22">Falsification of data</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Uncertain+systems%22">Uncertain systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feedback+control+systems%22">Feedback control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ship+handling%22">Ship handling</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The presence of time delays prevents the controller from responding to disturbances promptly, resulting in excessive overshoot and prolonged settling times. Moreover, traditional predefined-time stability theorems are not directly applicable to systems with operational delays. To address this, a practical predefined-time tracking control strategy is designed under input delays and false data injection attacks. By employing virtual controllers to compensate for unknown gains caused by such attacks, the adverse effects are mitigated effectively and rapidly. Considering the time delay in the steering gear, an adaptive strategy is introduced to adjust the controller parameters online, enhancing the system's adaptability to varying delays. Furthermore, a predefined-time convergent observer is developed to handle system uncertainty, effectively eliminating the impact of attacks and external disturbances. The proposed method is validated using ships. Additionally, the impact of delays on the system in multiple scenarios is discussed. The proposed approach effectively suppresses the effects of both attacks and delays. Compared to traditional control methods such as fixed-time control and continuous control, the results demonstrate a significant reduction in computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00051144.2025.2546168
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 732
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Time delay systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Falsification of data
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Uncertain systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Feedback control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ship handling
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Resilient event-triggered practically predefined-time heading control of ships with delay of steering gear and false-data-injection attacks.
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            NameFull: Xue, Han
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications
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