Construction of hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for numerical control force control based on an industrial automation programme.

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Title: Construction of hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for numerical control force control based on an industrial automation programme.
Authors: Ou, Zhaofu1 (AUTHOR), Xie, Ziming1,2 (AUTHOR) xiezm@hut.edu.cn
Source: Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications. Dec2025, Vol. 66 Issue 4, p32-43. 12p.
Subjects: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation, Numerical control of machine tools, Feedback control systems, Simulation methods & models, Industrial robots, Robotics, Manufacturing industries
Abstract: Traditional industrial robots' force control systems exhibit limited practicality and cost-effectiveness in manufacturing complex parts. Therefore, this paper proposes an open CNC force control simulation system based on the "PLC + CNC force control technical table (FCTT)", integrating both hardware and software components. The hardware includes PLC and CNC force control technology, drivers and servo systems, sensor systems, and system control circuits. The software is implemented in C++ with a modular design, while the upper and lower computers communicate primarily via a standard PCI bus. The corresponding CNC machine control technology receives application program commands from the upper computer. Then, it performs motion control according to the corresponding CNC force, driving the servo system to complete the corresponding motion control commands. This system solves the problem of query speed in the force control system, improving its responsiveness and reliability. The design of complex curved parts was validated using this system, and the results showed that the CNC force control system proposed in this paper improved by about 10% compared to traditional systems in terms of CNC force accuracy, rotation accuracy, surface roughness, and matching between virtual and actual values, demonstrating significant advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Construction of hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for numerical control force control based on an industrial automation programme.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ou%2C+Zhaofu%22">Ou, Zhaofu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xie%2C+Ziming%22">Xie, Ziming</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xiezm@hut.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Automatika%3A+Journal+for+Control%2C+Measurement%2C+Electronics%2C+Computing+%26+Communications%22">Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 66 Issue 4, p32-43. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hardware-in-the-loop+simulation%22">Hardware-in-the-loop simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+control+of+machine+tools%22">Numerical control of machine tools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feedback+control+systems%22">Feedback control systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation+methods+%26+models%22">Simulation methods & models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Industrial+robots%22">Industrial robots</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Robotics%22">Robotics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Manufacturing+industries%22">Manufacturing industries</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Traditional industrial robots' force control systems exhibit limited practicality and cost-effectiveness in manufacturing complex parts. Therefore, this paper proposes an open CNC force control simulation system based on the "PLC + CNC force control technical table (FCTT)", integrating both hardware and software components. The hardware includes PLC and CNC force control technology, drivers and servo systems, sensor systems, and system control circuits. The software is implemented in C++ with a modular design, while the upper and lower computers communicate primarily via a standard PCI bus. The corresponding CNC machine control technology receives application program commands from the upper computer. Then, it performs motion control according to the corresponding CNC force, driving the servo system to complete the corresponding motion control commands. This system solves the problem of query speed in the force control system, improving its responsiveness and reliability. The design of complex curved parts was validated using this system, and the results showed that the CNC force control system proposed in this paper improved by about 10% compared to traditional systems in terms of CNC force accuracy, rotation accuracy, surface roughness, and matching between virtual and actual values, demonstrating significant advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00051144.2025.2590739
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 32
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hardware-in-the-loop simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numerical control of machine tools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Feedback control systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Simulation methods & models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Industrial robots
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Robotics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Manufacturing industries
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Construction of hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for numerical control force control based on an industrial automation programme.
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            NameFull: Ou, Zhaofu
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            NameFull: Xie, Ziming
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: Automatika: Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing & Communications
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