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Noise Aware Modeling and Simulation of Quantum Cryptographic Protocols in NISQ Devices.

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Title: Noise Aware Modeling and Simulation of Quantum Cryptographic Protocols in NISQ Devices.
Authors: B. S., Lokesh1 lokeshbstri@gmail.com, Kaulgud, Narasimha2 narasimha.kaulgud@nie.ac.in
Source: IAENG International Journal of Computer Science. Dec2025, Vol. 52 Issue 12, p4793-4797. 5p.
Subjects: Quantum cryptography, Quantum error correcting codes, Fault tolerance (Engineering), Computer simulation, Quantum computers, Machine learning
Abstract: This work presents a comprehensive noise-resilient framework of BB84 and Quantum One-Time Pad (QOTP) protocols, validated under three NISQ-relevant noise models: depolarizing (p=0.1), amplitude damping (γ=0.1), and phase flip noise using Qiskit 1.0. Our reparameterized QOTP model integrates Pauli-invariant noise-aware transformations with quantum error correction (Steane code), dynamical decoupling, and machine learning adaptation. Quantitative simulations reveal BB84's Quantum bit error rate (QBER) increases to 22.3%±0.5% under amplitude damping (γ = 0.1), while our model maintains QBER ≤ 2.0%±0.08% at p = 0.1. Hardware validation shows 0.85±0.03 fidelity, with hybrid BB84-QOTP reducing QBER by 6.2%±0.3% and key overhead by 30.5%±1.2% versus standalone protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of IAENG International Journal of Computer Science is the property of International Association of Engineers (IAENG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Noise Aware Modeling and Simulation of Quantum Cryptographic Protocols in NISQ Devices.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22B%2E+S%2E%2C+Lokesh%22">B. S., Lokesh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> lokeshbstri@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaulgud%2C+Narasimha%22">Kaulgud, Narasimha</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> narasimha.kaulgud@nie.ac.in</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22IAENG+International+Journal+of+Computer+Science%22">IAENG International Journal of Computer Science</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 52 Issue 12, p4793-4797. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+cryptography%22">Quantum cryptography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+error+correcting+codes%22">Quantum error correcting codes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+tolerance+%28Engineering%29%22">Fault tolerance (Engineering)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantum+computers%22">Quantum computers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This work presents a comprehensive noise-resilient framework of BB84 and Quantum One-Time Pad (QOTP) protocols, validated under three NISQ-relevant noise models: depolarizing (p=0.1), amplitude damping (γ=0.1), and phase flip noise using Qiskit 1.0. Our reparameterized QOTP model integrates Pauli-invariant noise-aware transformations with quantum error correction (Steane code), dynamical decoupling, and machine learning adaptation. Quantitative simulations reveal BB84's Quantum bit error rate (QBER) increases to 22.3%±0.5% under amplitude damping (γ = 0.1), while our model maintains QBER ≤ 2.0%±0.08% at p = 0.1. Hardware validation shows 0.85±0.03 fidelity, with hybrid BB84-QOTP reducing QBER by 6.2%±0.3% and key overhead by 30.5%±1.2% versus standalone protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of IAENG International Journal of Computer Science is the property of International Association of Engineers (IAENG) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Quantum cryptography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quantum error correcting codes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fault tolerance (Engineering)
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      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
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      – SubjectFull: Quantum computers
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      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
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              Text: Dec2025
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              Y: 2025
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